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ţŶԷδˮȵĵĵףȴ𼸷ů⡣



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ʥʹĺ
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⼸ÿ춼дʹߴӸǰףأвӡȵλԺ֮ˡͬҲкܶķʦսʿӦʺ֮ģѵһĹ⾫飬ǳɫŵľֹߵﶼܵ˼Ŀ
ΪдЩˣʹ᲻ϣһࡣ
ԺԸǲЩĵģ˿ȴ˭˷ܡΪĺˣϸʽĵԻۣÿɵʱƤŵԲĹĵġ
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ŻðҸݡȻΪӣҲôĸǵʳ൱⣬ƽŵܵ޶˿˶æһţȻҲ˲ֻ۹޵Сˡ
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һѹϵţȿɾͳˡΪӣڹ߽Ӽʹߣʶ˲ˣҲӮһµĳƵ
൱У˸ӡ
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ڳУĺһԥװûϿ뿪תԡΪһ֪λάӡ
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ԥļڣѾߣûѡת˵һ˲䣬ֻЦݡ
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ԶȴʧڵԷкһ
ʵϣʥӺܾء
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˴С󣬷˵ԵһֱܺãӵݣҲ֪ΪΣȴһֱ䵭׽ķ˶ٸе١
һҪύˣȴ
ȴִţһжԵʥʹĵڶ졣
죬ڻʹĻ԰й䣬ȴ˸ıһĻ档
ŻԵķ϶˻԰һߡһĺӣʲôϸһһֻС
ֻһѾȥһ˵ƺΪȥϧ
Ľҫŵ󣬾׵˾Լǿʹʹ۵ʱˣ
ӳʱʹȴӰʧһ졣գٴμʹʥӣ
ͷʵģ֪УλӴڹȽţζưҲΪˣŸʹ˻ӡɣ
죬һҪһУѾҲһشľ
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΢Цȴ֪ϰԵԻһֻС
ʵϣľԼͷûʲôʣֻ˵仰ԷΪξӰεظأ
Щ죬֮ܿ˵ӰӣҵҲѣʵ鷳
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Ǻֱգһźôһ䣬֮ȸеһ
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Ҳ˵ġססˣתҲ˲ǣ²ӷɿ졣
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ȻԱӣȴӼᶨȥӰҫҵĹâ
֮󣬵ԸΪȵʿ˺ĳ죬ͻȻ£ŷɡ
˵ĿõĻĬˣʵ
ǣ˳μʱΪȥСĬϧԼʵʧܰʥСʹӳ֮޹أ
ֻڵǲ֪ô࣬ˣһᣬעպĽ

Ͷ

ȣôˣʲôˣ
ڷ裬ͻȻͿ˽ȻӱϿȵƽʱûʲô𣬵֪϶̫á
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һҧȥһʳʣµİ仰ͬһڵĵһ𺬺
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ŵ˵ͷȷڵһת۾Ͱѵˣڹνġǡ̻ʡ
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˿̵ţȫѾЩĵԼУҲԷܾĿԡ
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żֻСԴô벻ʲôǼšȻǶǰ˵ģ۾ȴһգգضһӰۻ⣬ֱſˮ
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ҿԽ𣿡
ؿһ˲徻ֻʣ˵ķ䣬ʼչСĹ̡
š
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֪Էȫ˼̵ϣȴ⳶⿪ʼġ
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Щű߼ʵ⣬һ尾ģ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ȵСһĸʱ򣬾֮ʱˡ
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زŲŹ˲棬ر¶Լ̵ĵ졣
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ҲŸһȻԷӦÿҪ̲סҪˣֱʳԵΪҲϣǵݻһ֮ʱԵò˼顣
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żشĻҲҪ˵ЩʲôԷԶΪ顣
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צţͻȻ˼ϷŪȤԴԭЩͷǸңȴʮֿɰ
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΢Цţȥһض˵ƺĽǶôôΪԷǡ
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ĻǩӦҲûʲôϵɣ
ˣ⼸ƺյأ룬С
ۿѾĶӴ˳룬г˺Щ½㡣Щûжν̰ԵСĻǺǡ
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ǩŵĸо
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ǺסջĳֻԺСΪ˿ڸ֮ǩ˴׸򡭡

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һӵİ׻תۼͿ챻ɾųԵô̲סʵȻ֪Щĵʲôζŵĳһ¼µζĴҲ̲ס
ȻóԣŴ϶뵽ʲô۾ǿǶԼģ뷴ڣҲָҰѵĸ㣡
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ԣȰҵĵĸң
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̾ʲôѵǷˣУҵĵĽ
һŵץס죬·ٵִֻҪ֮ȴΡһǩԼٶڵİɣѾӰ׻⣬ҪڣǴ׬ˡ
˱˿϶ͲԼܹȡȴЩԻۣӵԾԼڴˣٺõҲᱻѪ
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ߵһǰҲûھȲƿţֻһ۾̲ס˷ܵش
ڷĶӶ͵вһЩݻĹŶ䱦ȴڷֳעһ˼һһеĵС
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˵һͣϳ鱳϶ԭöʡ
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µıȺŻûдԽǰĳκ֮
ȣ֪ʲô𣡣
Ŀ꣬һ˷ܵȣڴģȲ˼ɻĪŵգ
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ߴȣΪ˱ԼԲܳԣҧһǸްԡ

ȥˣ޷ŵľ㵡
ΪʲôΪʲôĲ趼ԣԲȴôѳ԰
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״³ű˴ǣ֣һƮ˳ȥһ·϶ǻӡ
ֱһ˱ǣԲԲǰָֻ˾
úó԰ϰ壬롪
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Ŵ죬ȴŲһ˲ĸжⲻΪԶ֣Ҫ֪Ĺʳǰû֣֣֮Ϊɵһ񱡪ҪιҪʳ̸
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ϧȴûгɹСһ۾µµתţĿԶʱ˷ָܵ¸ͣ
Ҳѹ֣ԼĵСѣܲ˷

СһЩģһڴؿţָЩǣпĹâûˡ
Ҫ
̽ʵͷӦҲ˵ʲôǶѵǡ
ȻСһＸбţű˶Ҫ˵ǶѵϡŶʱ˼
ռָúܣôСҲռ˵طɣ룬ŽǶս˽ָС
Ȼ֪ʲôã͵Ǹɡ˵ͷңԼĵһء

СһȻСȴȻ̬ȵı仯ʱȵزģѾǺͼҳСѡ
ҲǵȻƿǶĵһҲΨһһˣȻŵԼˡ
ʳǵС㱦ȻǲҪ̫ģˣǼ򵥵ԺֳȻβͺЩһβ;߼ʱ˭ָĴѽ
Ҳڲ֪䣬ٵΪһˣԽֵĽޣʵ˲鰡ʹպŻڵӶˡ
ݵ֮ͣ;˳ŷ紵ķǰз·ܹҵ·ģ
ųڿսļᶨģһһǰеƺҲˡ
ϧƺĲԸ
໡ôֻˣ
ŭǺŴ˿̵޾ԹðɣȻû˵ǣϲ
ʹϣ˿̻ͷȴúŪ

ģ˻ζŸеƤȣôǸɵϢģ·ˣͷ㶼ڳЦ
бߣ
߳ŭͷ㴵ӵ۾ǣͷ㾹Ȼûпޣֿ죬˱ʳָǰ㣬Ǹǽĵˮ
ˣͷô㣬˵ʲôأⶴѨˮܼէȥ͸ƵĽݺᣬҲˮ·ҵȥ·
ôһ룬ſСһҲ࣬ƺˡ
Աһȥɣ
ŰСһŽˮ˫ͬǵˮɫ飬ȴ˷ڹһƭ֮Ȼ
СһҲôֻ࣬ɻؿһۣȻڱˮΧƵĿУ㣬ˮ׽ıܡ
߰ɡ
ŴߴٵٴαΣϾҪӾǹʽȽգʪવצӣ˴Сһβͣʾǰ

Сһﲢû̾ͶΧת˼ȦССˮζţνˮ˰ɡ
ֱŵȵЩͣҲˣССβſʼŪһγһξ룬ԭˮųһ漴ӿ˻צٶȡ
ԭ̤ġա˴˿̲ˮġˮһС㣬һֻСխȴޱ߼ʵĵˮпʼӾ

裡

£ò͡
͸¶һ˿⣬̴װ겻̧ͷС˸ʽȣ漴˵һźţͷ˼ȴŲϹ
еĵ£ҲǰͻȻħеġ
죬ħߡƵϯ·£ͻȻ֪ݵӳ޹Уǲ̴źǳƺΪ¡
˶Ķͳ谮һһҹ֮䣬˵Ƕޡ
ȥһг裬ֻڱλͻȻֵĵ£õ˵ٳӦм㣬ȴ˿飬ǵɫ
Ҫ֪ʹħҲǾԵǿߣѹЩֻҪеȴҷʵȡ
еľȽֹڼԷһǰ
ħ˵ӺʶǵΪλ˵ĳ谮
ҲұòħҲӵУǽȻ෴ĸԼȻַĽȴֻǿ߲ӵСǼӵ֮ǾƲȥʱĲǼֱǹĵ䷶
ӣҲĪ˿ˡ
ա
Ųʱ˼оѹŵضŵ棬ȥǱĿ⣬һ˫Ŵ߱Ե߹ᵽ㡣
ǵģں¡ȻλԵòͶҲ̾ţǸ࣬ȴź͸߽ħͬ飬ǵĿȫûа¶ȣ۵ֻһƶһ㡣
ɣһ˵£жôҡ
䡭⼸µѾΪٱʿˮ뵽Ҫ˵Ļ
£ħͺȥҡ
졣
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Լҡ
ƽȴ˵Ǵ治Ļӵĳ谮ԼԷ־ƣ첻˵˸ĬĬȥ̤ŵʱ̲סС
ߡ
ԶǽʧһߴӱΪӵĺ𣬳˲ѱϢ
ȡ
ѾˡһգΪĳʱ߲ûŵӰԼҲĪĹط
űǸˣħľƵϯ·ֱʱŸоԼΪ㲻ʵԶǿʱǶôĴֻǼ򵥵ļ֣Ͱ
ھԵǰеһжǿ̸ǰƵµĶ֣
ʧܾͱ˳£ѵĵطħĹĵطħĺ󹬣
ǾԵĳ裬Ѫĸ߰ݲͷҲܹ·λãҲ¡Ѫ֮䴦ھԵƽȣʹҲ¡ЩռϷλٿȫ֡
۰Ƶ±ʲô˼Լƿء
ߵߣϵĲȺܾ£ȴ᲻θڡŵ䲻ֻУҪѶ൱ߡټǴȻὫ͵ԶħؽҲ˵׼ὫŴεأôƬ½һһѡ
ֻϣŻǵǵĿĵأʱȥɭѧԺֻһ·ϻᷢʲôҲ޷ԤϣֻǸСɵ˹ߣֻ߳Ĵδܰ
ɫѾ㵹ˮУˮȵüͷ΢΢չ޶Ŀĺ죬ͻȻЩڸ
˱ڣ΢ĴȴƽģһڣҺ廬泩
ֻûǸ˾Ҫ˰ɡ
뵽ȵиֳһŴĿҪȥա
òϣƵȷʵŰ˵ʱȲǻȻɶǵİòʵҲ˳ϷƬ½ǷǿΪķף˰ƵµҲȻģ
ϵʱȫһˡ
һۿƵ£֪ͬһˡϲӸƿһУűżһ̨磬ҲôЩѪѪȷʵһ壬ֻԼӵˣһУǿп޵װΡ
ǲ֪οġһҹޣħ³裿һвЩλ΢ߵĻ롣֮ڰƵ£ģһҪɡ
ȥζǧ˳ĳżζѰЩɫһƵϿͬĹâҲ˼۵ĳ谮ֻ鷳
Ϊ˵ƣ֪Ƶ¾ΪĺüԾͷľܾϷеһʹⳡϷøȤζѡ
ˣΣ취뿪ȻڰƵ㹻ĽǿʱһŴαĽʲôҲܹԤϵ
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ָϴ΢΢ʹȵĿӾǺɫĺƵ棬֪䣬ȻָСĥȦһʱǴ˿ָһޡ
̧֣ǵССѪ顣ɫ룬ؽָ˴ߣ΢㣬ʮϤζڿУɿڵѪҺ
⼸ڰƵµǿƱ£صЩ˰һֱôȥ˵ܿ죬Ѫͻ˰ɡ
ȥָѪ飬нֳŵӰͰƵ¡桱ҲǸѡ񡭡
һжֻǼˡ
ƿ㵹˾ӨҺ壬ڵʢͣƵµĵ
Ĺ⣬ֻµҰ첽ڹϣħ֮ȥĺ£ȴûѡ
ֻħһ΢ˣħ֮䣬ǲκӰ죬ȴǿıı鲻ڻң¼ħôĻֻҲ̫˰ɣ
鷿ľԽԽۿżʱɫҲԽףӽسأÿһǶĿ顣
ħ£
ǿţ۾ضŵ棬̧ͷһСľͻᴥŭħ
أ
ƵԶʱ͸ܵϢֻȴֻһˣĽȻҲ֮УϾﲻֻè䣬ȥЩгһΩǴӣźڲͬڼԷʱ;ҪԼߡ
ʱĥƽצƵţеģ˶Է
£˵϶Ҳܵ˰ƵɢĲ죬ͷңһҧ˵ڹй
𣿡
Ƶ²ɨһۣϵؿϸ΢΢˲浽ΪԭҲԷȷʵ˼仰ȴضūŭΡ
ȥԸɡ
Ĳ²⣬Ƶ¾Ȼûаŭ⣬˵Ŀо͸¶ãȻΪʲôģòܹȫˣȻٴħע⡣
ǣ
Ϊ˸ͬʱһҴȥ߳һ˲һ
֮ļз棬еĵҪ
Ȼ̫ˡ
ħɫһ˿Ȥĸ̾ԴȥЩг輧檼һ˲е롣
뵽ٹþܼűȴұףƵﲻ˼ڴ

ȵΣ

Ƶ²޹ʱյȴǾԵĮԴžƱ΢΢ҡţǺɫѾת˿˿˿ûΪƿ֡˵ĸ̬߰ȣʹƵ̣Ҳûа̫á
ΪƵ·֣ôȻӦľֻӡվȵѾһˣҲ𽥸Ľĺӡ
ȣǲҶ̫ˣԼݣ
򵥵һ仰ʤ˳ƪۣƵط֣⻰֮Ȼζűӵָ΢΢ͣ٣ʹϲȴض˿ǡ
ǰʲôݣҪסƵסȵֽ֣͵ԼǰĵһڣڣֻҺег裡
žꡪ
ǾƱѵƬƬƬɢ˵ϣǷľȻڱ˵̬һ㣬˿δЭ
ôҲ߹㡭˺˪Цݹȴĵ׷ҿʲôǣ
ȵȻ֪ȥֻʵ䷴ȴʵڿƵ¿ģղǱûк꣬ǳƵµĻᷴ˹ȥȻƵ±ܵúܿûմһΣǱӷģȴ뵽˰Ƶ½龰ʱ˲
ΪʲôҪأ
ƵսȵǾ޴ǯôãΪ˲öԷϷԷ˷ԴؿŰƵµһٶ
ΪûǸʸ񡭡˳
ȵĻشƽȴǱǰĴ󺣣ƽ̲ΣաΣղҲڰƵ¡ʹ֮ճ˻ҩζһĽž档
ò˶ãͻıԼĹ۵㡣
ԵİƵһ˿תֱһʤȯյ顣
ϲεĻ
˿ûȴ̹ȻرƵѹڴϡǵģȷʵǴΪĵطǰƵµĺ󹬣Ż޴ĿĴ⣬ֻʣһЩͽ߹ͼֵ챦ڴ˿̵ǵĴȫԱӡ
ΣǺǡ
Ƶµĺз˵ͳЦƺȵĻȤһ㣬ƣȵ˫ָ߾ٹͷϷ˫ɫ¶֡ζ
Ը֯һңǰҲڴѰ
仰µǰƵ°Եǣסȵ壬ûи˿ӱܵأĺȵƤʱҵҲռȵĴ
֮ͬ۲ǣƵµǱһ裬Ҫûһļңȼˣ˿ֻѾȥ˴񡣵ʹˣҵǹҲɵشϢţЩ
оΣҵȡ
ƵȻǺԼΪһЦ⣬µȴϢģʾԼռϷĴ̼ƬҲûֹͣ
ȵֱַָɿ֪ڵԼǰƵµĶ֣ԣһȣֻⳡϷҪǰˡûаǰ̣
ߡ
յĻӦһߣֻǴ˿ЩƣǱų߸˵ĸоȴЩһ㣬Ľ˶Щ졣
˵ˣ
ƵֻͣƬ̣лζϣϵĶȾ˱ζ
˿̵ڵһ±ðƵ֪֡԰ƵµıʣΪ˲ʥԼŴΣգ˵ԼȥĴšȴ鲻졣
֮ǰֵ谮ŵСÿһĽл泩ڣÿƵºȴֻеŭԭþôƻˣȶڰƵµĿʶһ档
𣿺Ǻǡˮƽˡ
ͻȻһѹ˰ƵµϡٶܹɹȻһǳʵҲ֪ͰƵµѲϵ˸ǱİעŰƵµ˸Ȼ֮⡣
Ҫ⡭Ҫ
ûУΪرҲʹ˻ŰƵµĴ꣬ȵĻֻ֣ľٶмֳģȺͰƵ¶֪
˿̣֮ٻҲֻΪһ뷴Ϸ޹ذ顣
ǵԽң˼¶ҲţȸܵϲԼ֣ЦţûֹȴҲðƵ¸һ
ƵµȻȼţĽûǰԼȥռʤϵռУǽҲͬʱõ
νıȫݷɢ˵źȡ
ڸŻȵġսʱȴڱĵˮз֫
໣
ţצĴΧתȦͷ㣬ǸŭѽŵСһﶼһţԴӴõ͵ͣ¾ͱŸһצӡ
໡Ҳôͷİ
׷ĪˣˮϵﶫԣǶˣȥǺںĶѨôһʱɵΪôûõͷ·أ
¿ɺˣȫͳƿͷӬײϹˣ

СһίίβĴŵצӣճʱϡСڳ÷ɿ죬ת۾ͳһͷէȥͦƵ΢гֻɫͷΪϻõҲͦ
ֺȣѵֻͷһָоʵ˵ˬȴûжҪͷͷ
໡Էˡ
ͷĽܼ򵥣Ǹ˵໵ƣͷţһһ㣬˵ʲôԷԾЩνĽˡ

Ӱദ죬СһϰҲţһʱ֪ʱ򿪷ˣ˷ܵز䵽ŵߣβĴˮ棬һһεһԣ˵棬СſˮߣֱֱţȴŴġζ
໡
˲ݮϵĲݮͷеĿУʹԼıƸ˶Է
ոȥִӿռָó˼ͷУȥͷҡͷԳԵ͵ģҪ֪ĿڵѪ
Ψһֻ֮ȣȻҲĵ⣬ͷ˵ǵڶˣɲĸԸģֻȱʳΪôͷ㣬Ҳֻʹˣ
Ժͷ㳤ˣһӱҪģ
űմ͵Сצӣպͷ㹱һ龰
ֻȷʵûϵ˿ССͶʣպͷ㳤ˣΪԴԴϵ롣Ȼպ˽ܵЩΪֺԼˡδǣȴڵȡԼ˵ϯλѽ
ҲδˣڣŵʹǰҲ٣ڳԼǷ㣬ֽѵĿͶͷǰǷݣ۾µµתţƭСĵ׳֮ձʳĿſˡ
໡
СС˼ԵĲ㱦ĿУһȥ
һӡʳսĻѽ

ϵڱ


ˮζţˮн˼죬СӾı¸¯࣬ӱ˿Աؼĵز
˿һԾˮ棬ҡͷβؿ̯֫Ƥװţгɻ

㱦תȦҲûõеעӣ֮һ˦βɽˮһͷʪƽʱűضצӺúýѵС˿̣ȴֻۣβ˼˼ϳ£̫ȥˡ
ưǵˣôͷڶѨèèǱҪԱ½ԶģôԽʱ˷ںĶѨﰡȻܶ࣬ĵȴ˫˷ݣÿ㶼Ҹȴʹʱ䡣
Ҫھͺˣ
ͷ֮ѾֳˣҪȵʱ̣ȴƫƫߣпʵصشţԴǷϲѡ
ûСŵѽԴĥƬ̣ΪϷʱͷʮ㣬ˮǱЩ˿з˵İϷ
໡
һҽȻͷ㿪˴ͷը㱦βȴĵط
أǣҲǸѽ
ǱطƣСȶˮУȴûвˮԥҪҪȥοܴġ

ͷֻһΪǸ׾ȻǱˮ£Ƥϣ۵С۵Ľǣܡ
ôʲôͷ˵ʲôأٶԷҲ
צһͷĶƤϣҲ֪ſſˮиʹҲؿͷŤβ;ˮ
໣·
һ˦ȥԴϵˮôԹҲ޼£ǼѰҳ·ɡ
ſŲԸԭشת㱦צƲЧβ;Ĵˮ档

СʱжһͷشſİСβ򲦶ˮٵǰš
ȻǹͱҪ˫¡ŵ˦βͣΪѵʦһ󷨱ߺߣͷҪǲƨɾ͵ɡ
ũūֵţȴûʶ뵽һеԴ˵ƽȵġ̫ɹѾȫϰ˱۸ĸоѽ

ŵ˼Ʈʵ뷢״̬ʱСȴƽյĵƤƺЩͷһݣ˲ع
ǡ
ͣ˲ˮǰĶҲΧĲͬǰһתǣ͸Ĺ߱ǰĵطҪ٣Ҳһͻƿڣ
ŽҪ̽ǰΣڱ֤ȫǰٹȥŴ򶨣һһȥٶȿģҪֹҲ
໡
һצˮϣ޴ˮԴϣͰɲɵĶʱʪԴߣѾһֻˮдա
Ҳܾôͷ㲻ܡҲɲǣϵˮӴǵɫĹ⵽תǴ
ģ
ڿǰֵĶʱʹҲ̲ס̾ӡģһǶҹͨҹĹâ͵ȾͷͨǸջ롣
һѨͨаŵζ϶١ҲһرأҲǷӡҲǡ
ͨһͷʲôĿԣҲ޷ȷޱ߼ʵϹңȥҲҵһ·Ҳ˵ء
ҡҲûѡѽ
ΪͷѾһͷ˽ȥΪЩ׳ôͷأ
֪ŵ뷨ضΪ˺úýѵ³çٸСɣ˿̵Ҳѱŵĳ·ҪԼѰҡ
ѵõؾԶѹţͷ㾭γ̣ڵͨľͷʱջһʵĲƸ
˰
ǰǽĶѨ˲Σһ˵ǶѲƱ֮ϡȻ̰ƣıвҪ֮պߴ½ҪǮʱ򣬹㿪͹ˣЩƱʽ

ŵתͷȴǱһöһѵͷ㡣˿ͷϵıеޱȵϤʱķӦһĪǡ

Ҫӡ֤ŵĲ²һ㣬㱦һ˷ܵؽΧеĲƱȦԼֱССҲסĶҲɲԸսżޡ
㡭ҲǿԼİõġ
ǰοԼ˿ǰƬĲƱվǷŵıһȻڻܳԣģȻﱻ俩
ֻǷƱʱͷ˵ִزȻЩƱϲÿ۾д˹ִôƭð֡
ôСҪôǮױǵġ˼Ҳúͷ磬֮Ķöܵһһ˰ɣ
ŲȷͷǲĻԵһǣ˵⻰ͷ㻤ŲƱɿˣСβһŤһŤһߣƱѹһա
Ǹ
ֿһ飬ȷеĲƱĽָк󣬲Ŀӹͷ㣬ȻﾹȻǸǶʯڡ
أ
ͷҡͷֵСֽյýܾĵгĵ
ܲŰɡ
ԵСҲеͷۣʳִһͷҲͬž˵ִţԶƭ֣Ҳˡ
ˣҰϡ
ε̾˿㱦ǰŬһЦ

СûɵĿƬ̺СͻȻ˻Ц˽ŵĻС־ٵø߸ߣŵУֵСȵزš
ٴμʶСģȻֵ˵㣬áѹôϲ۸ָоѽ
ֵߵߵСԴӣ˳˳ͷ΢ɫСĵΪСڡ
ɻǣһڴڳûõͷͷϾȻСȵ׷ɡ
Ʋ¶ף뿪취ڵЩ鷳Ķء
ˣű㿪ʼ鿴ĹżȻ˽ƱȻҲг·ֻҪϸһܿ
ⲢĶѨ˺ü飬ȴôҲ·
أ
Ϊͷ֮ʱڵ㱦ȴſˮߣˮеĵӰԳ
ֻԴתתŤŤԼƺΪ⣬Ц۾ʱˮµһע⡣
ġ
С۾ʱų˹⣬ǰĴգٿô⣬Ȼɵɵԭط
ġأæûأǾ͡
СһˮУǸâĵطȥ

ù˵ͷ

ˮµĹȻ谵㱦˵ȴȫ⣬亣е壬Ȼܹú˦βͲǱȻЩâڵȳκһСͷϵڣջǽסջ󣬶ݵԥ֮Ͷǵâ
ڴʱͻȻգۼ䶴Ѩֻһˣ˵ͷ㾹Ӱٿһ̶ˮ΢΢Ĳûʧʱ֪Ǹ߶ͷ䡣
·ǵúúýѵһ²ɣ֨˲֨һܵûûӰģҪԺ˷ӱ˿ô죡
ٲȻһδҳı飬ֻԼȴû뵽ҲȺְɣ񵽵ıȫķ氡ʮǰҲΪһССͷ˱˵ĹԼ˶ûԾʸ˵
Ծˮеһ˲䣬ϸ껯Ϊһ׵磬ѸٵˮǱȥ̫Զ·Ϥɫ㱦βƬķ⡣
ࡪҪҶ
ſͷĶ̲סϧ˿εҲֻƽУƽˮоͳðݵĹôûаʾζ
ˣ·СΪоŵĵʱƬ̵ĶڿƺܡȤıֺΪõ֧֣ͷʮذ˽ߵĹâ
ࡪ
һܵŭĺڣҧӿӾٶȣֻצһ轫ʽݵ쾡£ϧò׿С㣬ԷȴһɢŹâ塣
쬡ˮСŹâĵһʱ䣬ͳһ޴УǿźСܾͱ˽ȥˮһȦһȦٵתţƬ̵ʱ㱦֧Ųסˣκ̯֫װȻţֻҲ
ôǿ£תֻʱ⣬ŷ߷һצͷȥ˭֪ͨһҪץסͷ㣡
⼸ദʹͷЩ飬Ҫ֪ͷǸһһѽԼһжΪպջ㱾ǮĿʵأȻ
ڵοûи˼ʱ䡣
ܱˮöŻƾġСȡŵͷߣֻǰצҪסԷȴô
ЩƣȻͷȷʵֺģڵֵزϸһЩ
ز㻳Ȼſҹ飡
ǰâĵطȥȻѾһƬڰǹâԴͷȻͷĻ
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ֻЭƶεرסͷȻѾӽβȥЩ֣ŻþȫȦסͷ㡣
סͷôǿҵҲҲӲãԾŸľһᱧͷ㣬ĶҲͣˮǽתȦ˷ٰתľ
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ңƵôҲһֱ˵Ĳ졣ϾԷԸοħ鼮һ治ζţƵ¶ԼʵΪţΪʹѧϰħĻҲΪ
ӣԸ߰Ѫ˵ǲ̵ģΪƻܹ˳Уֻʱ
ΪʲôȥܱڴϿȤˡ
Ȳ̲Ӧе鱾ַһҳڼͷҲû̧һ£̬ܵԱ
ҵĴˣûְܵ
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Ȼ֪֮ĻͲö˵˰ɡʱ˾ߡ
ѵƳһֻۣǲ̧ͷΪ֮ľ룬侹˰Ƶµ촽һŵĴͷһ𣬵ܿµؼԼ¡
ϵˣֻһǾܹ
ֵͷ޳׵ĲȴŰƵµ񣬰Ƶµ˴ǣζһĴеĿȵĲʹܿߣҲܸеȡ
ֹǲɵȿʼ𰬷ƵµԸƵµĽܹס



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һ˵žڶ겻ɢԺеһһ»ۣھ˫ĥ£˯۾Ҫúÿ˭ô󵨣Եʱ¶֣
۾һ˲䣬ҫ۵Ĺâʹʱ̼ŸϽۣӦâ
˵ʵâҲ㲻÷ǳһĵ¶Ѩ˺ü˵΢ЩĹâҲᱻŴѽ
ϧδеɬȥһžડʪƬ״˦ϣǰһʹһȵǰһΡ
˭˭ôĵӣ
ŭŵɴۣ˿ѾӦ˹ߣӡһСͷ㣡

֪ԼѾɹŵŭ㱦˷ܵȻСȴʮŵĶƤһεػڵĳΪһʹСıҲЩŤ

ûлӦԼ㱦죬˱Լָͷˡ
ˣղѰɣ
һ㱦˷ܵβĴŵ棬ѸٿʼжֻСֳŵĶƤϣɵض˶β߸̧ۿžҪ䵽ŵϡ
ԭβֲͣǱƽƬ״
һץסСβһ㱦Ӱ֧˶Ƥ죬Ҫվβͱקסȴôղƽ⣬Ҳû
ء
СίţɻûʲôѽղΪβ˲ѵΪʲôҪβͣ
Աͻ֪Լˣ
Ǵ˿ΣҲûŪڵſ϶βͷ˽һԼס
Ҫ֪ͷȻ󣬵βͳ鵽Ͽ۵ѽ֪Ͽ϶ǺһƬˣ
ĪǱӦȻǰڶѨβƤвŲ·ͷ㣬ҲֻвѽûĴȥӦԼϾͳ˲۲۵һٳ
أôôɿקͷβ͵֣йε̾Ϣš

СƺҲܵƣǰӵشȥͮͮϴȻҲٶʲôá
û취
˿̵Ųȫȵˡ㱦ȻǸСϵⱦҲı⣬żľٶҲ㹻жһˡȥȹҲɣϵͱ¦ӣεΪʰоֵͬʱȴҲΪһ׽΢Ц
أȰ
ط֮һȱĸм֮ģУǰʰ˵顭
ڵ
žͽעתƵΧĻУһܣһССĵϣȫããˮ첻һȥϾһš
ôСɳ̲ϡ
ҲǸнǴİɣȻɻǸΪλὫ͵ϣҲȷеķҲûаǣΪѾҪˡ
Ҫ֪ԼڵλԼô뿪
ϾƬããУҪǱ⣬ĽָлвٴҲסſڵѽҪȥɭѧԺȻء
μŵ֪˱ضοΪǵ˰ɣԭѵֵܹó㣬ǲҪϵ˰ɡ

վҪϸܣСȴסˡͷ뿪ˮСŤŤؿϣСָԼͣһ໴׶ģ
ϸһüһǿȭͷСҹ龹ȻĻѣټҫµöڣ˿̵㱦âѽ
ıǣҪȥ޵׶ˣ
ŵĵһӦֿʼ˵Ѫѽó˼ģ㱦
ųԵ⣬ҪܣҾڸ
ȴ̤ʵϾС˵ܵϰߣҲת˾Ͳء
Ҫ鿴һµϵĴΣҪûʲôԵģȻ㵱ʳǼޱҸ£ĵ;ĵɣʮµĿѽ

С˵ͷҲ֪ûβһһƨɾɳ̲ϡϾû˫ȣŶҪһµѶ൱󣬺ɳ̲ɳӲûСˤʹ
СתҪߣȴǷŲѾС㣬䵽ĻʱͻȻ⣬ˣˣ
һƣ߽СߣЦֺͰ
ԣ׼ŶҪͻᡭ
ٶȽС㻳ҹ˳ڶԷӦʱɳ̲ϣһҪ֪ȵĸѹǿ£ħôҲأСȻ⡣
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׼ĺСŰĵȥ̽СĻȻҲעСĶ̬̫ԶϾȫǵһλġ
֮˱һĴ鿴һҹεİܲʵ顣
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Сָ˴ǸԲӲģҲûƯĹâıã
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ȷʵǳأȻῴҬӣǺǣȻָҲ٣ȻƷǰ˷ѡҬȫĽָ
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׼ľɲ֮Ķѻ˿յϣϾֻ̫ԶûźҲϵϡȻһЩϵħҲò˶٣Ҫֻעǲ̫ܵģúõϵԴŸΪǡ
첻ˣ׼ջǵõ˻رڵڶ죬߿һҴֻӰȻȥСҲΪ̫ԶΣд뿪͹ˡ
̣ű˸ȼǶѲƬ֮ʿտĴӦѾǺԵź˰ɡ
ŽҴֻеķ򣬹Ȼ￿
ֿ˻Ҳûб˷ܳͷԷδǷǸ⣬᲻ǴΣոδ֪ڷĻΪʱ硣
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һѱСֻȥϣһж˳ɡ




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ٸҶ;Ǻβͣ
źݺݵвȻ㱦˼׾֪Լ˻ǾһϴģŵĻҲֻ˫µµתŵĴ۾ȴ˵ȫûʶԼ׷ʲô
ٴο˿СͷϵķͷĨ۵İɫͷСͷ˸СӣЦֿɡ
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ȻҲûȥƱǲ֣۶ԷǷ⣬ֻ˼ĴУ¶Լӵеľ޴ƸǼѰ·¡ͬʱҲûбݣһδؼʱ̣ȡŶԷ֤Ҳֻ࣬һöҵĻ£˿̱¶ݣԷĲɹע
һƬѺõн̸У˷ԸĹΪǰס
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ϢĵطΪ˫ĺƽ벻Ҫ߶ôҾ뿪ˡ
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˶ǻ䷿ȻǺܴ󣬵ȴõúܻ£͵ĹеĿͷɨ˼Ȧ˷ܵطϰڷŵˮ
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ŰСɳϣԼҲȥһˮԼĸ̫񣬵ı˵Ǽĺѽ

СҲ֣һȻʳŵô죬ȴСıʣ˼ιء
Բԡ
ȻƵػ˾䣬ȴ˸ҪƤ֭ˮС֮ͷƺԸǶԷССľٶȴѾ͸¶С۰
֮ʱŵ߲䵽Сβϣüͷ΢΢
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ǡǡͳԣǺģҲԺǶ챦ӴöЩеΪ棬˵ĵλȻûе̶ֳȣֻǹ˼̸ۣҲûСѰķӦ㹻ˡ
ֻˣһȫҪչˣļ죬ҪԴܸԷɳ֮ô˵ͷȻ࣬Ҳһιģ˭Ҳߣ
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ڴһͷ
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εĿĵ˵ᣬѵôϡĻɫѵҪҷԸô
һ仰ͱ˵̰ĵһ۾Ͷ˲˼ϣض޴ƺûõС㣬ŻкܶǮɣѱʱڰ
ǽ˶֣
ٴοڣʾ˵˼̽ʵ
ǸħʦȻܿ϶ʲôȼħʦںϻǲҪĺá
Ȼ̰ȴ˿޴˸ž⣬һ¡
ڿǰҹ֣ʱһǶԷиʱ򣡡

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ǰƵȻȥμᣬȻҪõĵزһ鲻ʡžΪԭŻֿٳ⣬ǺҲ
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ȸָһһ˵ȻԼ֪ĺͰƵһΪ̶ֳȵ̼һУ˵вʱǲݱ粵ļᶨðƵҲһ
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ᱻ򵥼òŭŭ΢΢ĵزҲһ־޴ķԾ˰ɡ
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ƵϰԵסȵЩĿ;ٶΪôͻټ΢ĽӴҲ㲻ʲô˲ûֹأľٶ˲Ϊϰߣôʱûие
ȥĵطأε˵ǽ½һˣʲôҪľ£Ҫܵ⣬򡭡
Ƶ͸¶ϢȰһϲΪһֱھɭУʵ൱̶磬ȫ֪εᡣôģضв˳֣߻ӣΪṩ˲ٻᣬʱֻҪЩʾӦ֮£˦Ƶµļʱָ˼֡
Ҳġ
Ȼܵ⣬αװһȱȴһ̬Ȼ˵仰ҲǳġôЩڰƵµġϡ鲻ˬúܣȻԷҪԩͷʱ׸ʱ
ڸԵ̴öʱһ̤ͬ˴Уڰ׹нʧ
ȾϲԶԶֹǰЩ
ǵĿĵأΪ׼õסһ֮£̲סлʵεܹҪʮ죬ֱΪʮͬ⣬Ҳ˵ʮʱѰƵ¡
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Ǹ˵СڿҪΪʿķ˲ά
ǺǣȻһֱҪھ͸ɣ
ȵЦݣķ˵һ
ȻȵѴƺ⣬Сȴֹۡ
ڴ϶ɹƮۿܵ½أŵҲ
ͷ㣬ֻųѽҪڵҩҪȥˡ
ŴС۵գһؽ̰СһͬʱԼȴҲʾŲͬ˵Ҳò˵ؼˡ

СӣһؿԼеСⱻ۵һҧȥСβֿʼʵĴµ棬ƺڲرв
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Сִظһ飬еϵĹ١ղžƾô仰צöŶ
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ŷֶԷġСۿԼİڽɽ֣֮Ǹʹ̰žͷСһͷϡ
ҵģҵģ
СȻ˵ô仰Ȼ˼̫˽⣬ֻ˷ܵظţΪܹõ㣬ɴ˿ɼŵŻ治ǰģ򵥼־͸¶Сıѽ
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κѹС㣬ԼѶԷѹ֮ʱű߿ѵ̧ͷҲû̧ͷ۽鵽߽˵Ӱž֪òŵˡ
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ǴϵĹ£ѹһŵһһ㣬ĵĲɻ
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һʾ±ǰȥźС㣬ȫ˯ģȷԼƻĳɹ
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Ƿŵȥת뿪
һ𣿻Ƿֿ
µͻȻʵĲͣƬ̣ԥһ
һɡҩЧˣҲѾˣʱҲѷˡ
Ǻֻ̰ԵСʽΪеĳﹷͳ㣬ȴŽıˡ

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ĵ죬ǰֱΪʯһЩ鱦֮ȻѪղҲȤ˿̵Ƚע˽ħϡ
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ңƺһЩʢȴѵһΪģԣҲŰƵµǮΪһЩ죬ȵطʱҪǼЩض˷ֱܵɡ
Ǻǣʱ򣬼ʹΪЩģҲԻƴסԼñ˵Ǯ㻻ԼֲͣΪأ
˿̵û뵽ǣŵĳСҲϯᣬߵݣԱߡĸƷʽ
419ſ˳һǧңһǧһΡһǧΡһǧΣɽ
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Ҫ֪ͨƽһµĿҲ߰˸ң߰Ҷںܶ˵ѾǸˡ
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һãԼҪħߣܺݺݰƵµĽ⣬ϻϼ䣬ʵѵõĺѽ
ֻǸ̾һ£ҪĶôǮأ
Ƶ̲סҧסȵĶţʵЩǮ˵ҲȷʵʲôĿϾħ׷ȨƣħӵеĲƸˣΪħ͸Լˡ
ЩѡħȣǶľǰϵħȻ֪ѵõĶԣԵ౾ϡ٣ħڰԼΪУȸĸоȷʵͬ࣬ȴûаԪصĴڰ
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˼Ŀյǵİֱظţ̧ͷһܺãǼħԲоӳֹЧħۡħ۸˲٣İҶѡ
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УõȻҪضˡ
Ĵϣ͸¶ŰϢħȰ֡
ħҪࡣһǰħԪضһϵҪԸף֮ħΪǺħϾֻЩӵаԻħޡħǩԼ˲ŻʹãԹ䡢ħΪȻӵǿڳͽȴаĻԪħͳһʹó˹밵ģľˮԪصħΪԪħ
Ϊ⾫ĻѪȻӵйԣټʥǸħڰħϵԶԶ˳ˡӵеˮͷ硣źƣֻǽˮ˻Ǹԣ²ΪѪ˶ٶѸ壬Żӵ԰ɡ
ʹӵеԣİȴδʧǳͻħȣŶںħƿط绢
ôҵǲǡҿԵõһЩأ
ľ޴ѹڴϣϰŴҪɰƵһۣȴŪӣ鲻ѡ
Ƶµָ봲żĿ϶Уȵţڣָɵļͽ⿪ǰڣҧס죬һѩӨ͸񼡷չǰ
һƬ ϸıջĦҲ֮£ϸϸܵһƬС
ûУ
ֻſЪϢŰƵµĵϷֻǵƵµָƵؿڣǴ̺ʱڵˡ
ʳָĴֱָȴʧشǴ̺죬ĸоҪץסƵҵָȴΪԷвԵһ˰·
жﱻ˶Դʹҧס´ȴۼؿǸħȡ
ͽӣ
ͻȻô仰ֻһսǸħȣҲļֵȥʯ쾪һҪðƵԴζ
ħɲôõİƵȴ׼ץסȵĹͣ˰գͬʱħȣΪõĵصǴϣôҲӦûðɡ
һƵ˵⻰ʱ򣬾ħĴĴȸħȵıزΡеİʾ᲻֪
ȻƵĿǰζʽ
ΪѾõҪħ桭ôҲΪ
Ȼ˹ǣҲõ̫ϵķվɣϵķǼ˲١ϾҲ֪ڼʹŰƵ²ǵĳ̶ȣƼˣξ˵׼ˡ
һֱ뿴 ʱı顭
仰ģǰƵ³ȵĿ⣬ȵֱһȱ㷭Сϣһ ˵ƽһ𣬰Ƶ˫ɫ۾˸Źѱľ⣬ͷһκηӦǰƵµ־ͽסһֻ֣Ų»¸
㡭
δĻû˰ƵµУȴżֲʣȴֻܸ´Ļȡ

ĴϢǸ ſڰƵµϣûмŶΪܵ°Ƶ²
ȻеĸءƵȵ°ͿҧĴ˵ϧ˷ܣЩԼĳŵ˰
ǰȴֻܿȸ ʱıȹκһζҪǿҵǵϷĳŵ˿ѾƷĨ˰ɡ
Ƿ˴Ǿͱ鲻Խˡ
ƵȵĶвţڵͻȻЩϣȵѻǷˣռﰡ
ɷġԶȵˣ
ͷ˱еĸоȻ ĿмΪǿңȴҲĨͷķŭ
ҵţҪĵһ¾Ǻú
ڵصĲԶһûʵĽУڽ̸ļˣٲȻǰϵһˡ
ˣҪô𣿡
£űĻڸŵѯ˵
Ȼ;˱Ͳŵڽа죬ūҲδʼôŰɡ
Ĳ죬뵽ֵľ޴棬ɵ¶һЦ
ǣǸ࣬ģǲ͵гһ˰ɡҲһȤġ
һ仰;ΪƷıˣ֮󣬲ҵĿʼ

ط

ϤʹٴνٵʱѾѧˣȻʶԺȴѸٵ̧ɵһץסҵСβͣһ㽫һССѹԴͷ

ߴϤŶʱ˶䣬˭ôģôôͷ㡣
ôѧһˣ
ŵοſ˸ͷȻʶ˲ۣͬĴۣʱŭա
˭Ǳأ
ŴССһߵؽţĿ䵽Ѻ˵ʱ漴ͣǰһĻԺһҪͷײǽ
ŶģȻϵˣģǵʱ߶ŵ壬ˡ

ЦǶЦгһ۾ѹǵһݣһβ˵Сͺһ泯죬һֻ˷Сڹ꣬ô
۰
Сһ⣬ӱʹħľŴһ£ͱŸ˿С
ҵСڣ㻹ڲ鷳ҪѿصҲ
ɿСβԱ⣬ڿС㺬ص˵ͷڶԷϵҲˡ
СԹԵĴϣſʼ֮
Ҫôӳȥأ
ڱУȻӱΧ˺ĻΧĻѾȷˡҲЩɻ󡣻˼ˣȴ˿ܣⲻҪĻ
ĬħҪʱȴܲκα仯ħʧЧˣԭָʵʱ͵õ˽𡣾ȻרѺﷸĽħ
ЩʦսʿҪһķҲزסǣ˱ʵﵽ˸߽ϣҪǾѲ˵ģ
ͷ㣬Ǳס˰
һѱסϴĥŵС㣬ͬأ˴ȳͷҪˣʹİ
աĽŲ֨һ˿ԽԽͣǰŲɵر壬Ȼ֪Ѿ¶ԷܻԡƷʲô£ԾҪ
Щǵķˡ
ĻǰϤúܡҪһצץȥ£׺ݵصŶԷԷеʱǻðɡ
֪ƭϵȴֻͨķˣĵӰҲûУⲻŰƷ𣡣
Ҫ⣡ҪҪţ̣Ҫ
³һܵʣеÿҪ˴͸ĿöԷҲľ
⣡⣡
СҲ˽Ƥβŵأˣţʤķ緶
Ҫģ»عһ˷ǰǵ˰ؼҾˣڣԲǡ
˵֮˺ĻƵڣ˿˻ߣҪȴֻҹĻĽ١ὫҹУ⡭ǹġղء
ʱΪ˴޴档
ŶԷ뿪ĽŲɫƵصЩˣֱ

С㿴ķˣ˱ָͷŵˣɲȳأ
Ծͳ԰ɣҸ
йڵϣαغʳأ͸խķ϶ʳȡ˽ȫС㣬Լȴûʲôθڡ
ݶԷղ͸¶Ϣǽͻᱻ
ȻⲢǸϢȴܵĻᡣǱֵʱѵĻҲЩɣʱԲΪ̰ˣһɹͷ뿪ģ
ҹĵȴԽΪҹŻῪʼˣ·ߵħһյһյʱ׷ӿ˻᳡ȻͰ˴յԼѪİƵ¡
ϣɱҳԴװ
ƵȵĶЦţ˼ҲȷںǮȴͬȽЩϵĽĳǡ
ġЦĿϣҲ㱾Ѿή˵ĵġ

һĶڰƵ¶ȴ̶Щദ͸ȵӣֺħһ޵Ѫ黹ǲöԸΪսҲ¸Ϊ֮߰һ
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37Ʒ亱㣡һõС㣬ȻСȴѾܹպľ¶ˣټϴ˿ѱʱڣҪ߶߶˵һλȱͷûע⣬ȴһע⣬С󻹸һ꣬òѵõϵȣš
ꣿȲɵһʱǱһ塣
ĻѾȥˣȽϤӰսȭͷ
Ȼţ
˿̵ͷһƬҵܹôȻܸˣǰԲĳ¡֪ŵΪʲôźһյһ𣬵ƾŻ㲻֣ôױץ
ֲ壬Ǹò꣬죬ᱻץסΨһɣضΪй©㱻˿ӣ
׺һôˣʹ֪ľԵɣҲԭõð˾Ųʮʹˣ˿ȴκηӦ
ƺܼ
ߵѹԼͷĳ嶯һգգض̨ϵţһ΢΢۽ޡ
ֻǳμЩˡ
赭д˵˾䣬Ҳ֪ԼղŵķӦ̫쳣Ƶ±ضιҲֻƾˡ
ҪҪأǺǣòҲ
Ƶòȵͷһ𣬹Ȼץס
һ㵹ǲԴף
ȻĶôȱȴòӦŰƵ£Ľô˵ĵط͸ˣҪȫԼҲ͸ˡ
Ǻǡ
Ƶµ͵͵ЦţЦ޷ж϶Է˿̵飬ӰƵ¸ĦŵֺͲӦǲ˰ɡ
˿ȴûз¡
˭ˣڼҪͻȻֶһҪѰƵ»Ҫȳţô鴮һñ͸ӵľΣķѶͽȻࡣ
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ڼΡǡ£һĳɽȵһӵ˰С
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ٿվȰƵ»Ӧת뿪ٴȥԼлǣĳ嶯̶ֻ侲뿪
ҲˣҴȥûзְƵһĨаЦ⣬Լչ̨У˸ŵ⡭

1

ܵݾϲģԶԶֹһˡͬλڹϯǵˣڿеҲ̲סȻ
ꡭգ
Ϊ췽üƷ;ҪģΪбйأһЩ챦;ҲǲŷֶԷĴڡ
˶ԣʹֻ棬Ҳμס˵òϲãܹչΪι̵ó׹ϵ˼ʹֻ棬һʮǰˣӳиҵСһʶ˵ĺñ¡οԷı仯󣬳ȥٸΪ֮⣬ȫǸΪԼС
鷳ˡ
˼Ҫξ¶ԷѾ˾ĻڣΪ˵Ե޹;ͣܶյݡһӵƷУһȥ˵ضܵشһʥı
ƽ͵ؽ£õķҲ˵˲Ӧý룬Ҳ˲ˣ˴˿̵ĵĸףԸ˵ݲɣ
ϣͺ˱ۣϣܿΪѵǣֵҪƷҪˣС㡣
˵СûȤζűҲûа˿ɰϡ㣬ڲٹﲻܹҫѱ˺ô˵˼ʹ۽ڽʸߣȴԽ
߰򣡡
۸ȫĬƬ̣ϾҲǸˣʹľҲˢȥ˺ܶˡ
龰ͷһϲΪܹˣͻȻȴһ
߰ʮ򣡡
ʱô̧˼ۣ÷СۻȡԭƣοġƷֵôǮûȤǸСʮǰѾǩõŻǮ
ʹô룬ԷȻ˼ۣҲֻҧˡ
߰ʮ򣡡Ӽ۲࣬Ȼôû˵㣬漰Ľ̫ų꣬ͷӵеĲƲݲοҲûô
ٰ߰ʮ򣡡
Էƺ˾۸вţϲ߳һ˿ˮ
ͬĻзˡ
Ȼһ۲ûϳյſž;Խ죬ȻǲʥĶ𣡣
ὫԷĳǵôδΪԷҪػʹ˫ܵܣȻ֪ΪӵΪλݳҲݲӿǡ
ȥʹضģô鷢ʮǰͷҪػʹˣᣡ
˷Ҳ˾ߵСű۵ԽԽ٣ҲǸϺĶ֡

۸񽥽ΧάӣĳԴöҲƵģĽ㹻׽ˣο˿̵ļ۸˽ǧ
ǲҲֻܵΪֹˡ
һǧ򣡡
⼸߳ɽ۸³ʱԿճȭϸ׬һⱾΪ˾ȳСۿ治С
¾ԼϵҪ̨ˣҪͶԲѵõġ⡱˰
ⳡУ˵ľǸġˡˣĺƣֱЦúϲ£죬һǧңʹȥȡĸ߶ѣҲǳԽвƲľ޶һ˻û
ŵ˿û뵽պΪһ̰޴ۣҪ֪ͬʱϵĿɲֻźȣ˲ƵķˣƾЩ˵ȨƣʹӾ͹ܵˡ
ΪƷסȴûаԽδ֪ĺ£ķǸղһӦ
Ҳ˫֮еϵҲ˳ദĬܾȵʱҲڻ᳡ϣǵĿ⿴ľսȻ֪˭ſԿ϶ȾԲܣǿ϶ģֻǡ֮ĳͷȴҲ޿ɱİɣǲµġ

СͻȻŴ˸ɻƫͷʣСĵؽסţֻû뵽ǣŵǳأǳѽοΪ¿ǰ㶼𲻵ů˵ء
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Сӣۿ治һ㰡
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ĽɹŶԷһССĳϾôǮ˱˿ڴƾıºܿöԷ⿿ƭСǮȫ³˿̻鲻á
ֲڼԷɻĿʱһΡ
ȻǵԼˣ
ͷ˵ζȻ֪ÿ˶˵ôֻСסֻм֮ԵĿ΢΢һķʱɳ
ʶң
ŵ۾ʱˣȻûʲôӡ󣬵ȻԷϳ֪ݣ˵ĿҲƽͣѷǵеĿ൱
һǵɣ
ӿռָȡǷԼȻһֱûóȴǽţʱ򣬵ǸöԷԼ֤
ǡǡ
ţƤֽĵһۣȥһĻ͸ŵУصͷŽֲָص
ǲǵöԷˣǵǷԼöָǶԷ͵أҪ˼ңһջȥô찡
ҵ֡
˻еԼ˼ֽթľ⣬Ȼ˶ԷղŵСû뵽öָȻûбֳûգǸС⡣
ŶǷųɣ
İõس˵֮ŴߴӡȻ˾Ͳõˣ˵԰һѰء
Ϊƺʲô鷳Ҫô£ȵƢ϶ȥúý˿ضﲻֹ۰
ôУһ˴ǮĳŶǳƷ
ţȻ˶Է˲͸
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˿ûʶԼȿѾǸ漣ԴΪ׼ű˵ĲʶȶΪɹԼ۹Ⱑ
㵽ʲôҵݡ
ҲúȥʮǰƭǩԼ»£ȴֻһԷɴ⡣
ټһ
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á
˿ԥûоʹӦ˶ԷҪһҲûж𣬶ҡʱ⣬һվߣӵҲɵˡ
һ˰סġ㵽׳ʲô²Ż䵽زλеֳأòҲһ
ٴչշϹɫöˣ̸Ц£Ȼ˿֪վЩʲôһӳΪеıƷ޴ı仯˺氡
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Ҳڣ
һȻԷڳΪλ޷Ӧĵ֡Ҫ֪ڿ˵൱ܵģһ״ɣ׷鵽Ʒ䣬ѵԷͲ
ĪǸм۵˾λӣ
ͷͻȻ˳Խ;ÿԽǺİˣǮҲͳúˣ
ιû°ɣ
ȫ֪ԼһֻǿŶԷͻȻ̲ס˾䣬ҪۣԷôҲԼġˡˣ΢ҲӦáοҪѰȵء
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Ȼͷô󷢡ġİ

2

㣿ǡǸꣿ
˵ľ޴ϣȲĿֻϲŵ˫ȴɧţӰ飬Ƶ޵ĵҷš
˵ҲǴԱĬףͲŰƵ»ǿ˵ɡ
˵Ĭˣ
õ䵭ӦƵµȴɲֻΪ߰ȵĦţĶ ζƺҪȵ
ȴȷǵûж泯ϣ֫ɵ̯ţڵģƺǶ԰ƵµƣʾŶԷļдߣȫûӰ찡
ȣòˣͰ
Ƶѹȵϣżֶҧסϸѩ׵ĲŵĵɫѪܴţ΢΢ʪƺѰڵλһ㡣
ʲôʱ͹ˣ
֪ƵµĻѾתˣӦһ䣬ûƽյ䵭Ҳǰ֪ŵ䰲ɣȻĿΪҲ䲻ˡ
㿴ڵĿƻ㲻𣿺Ǻǡ
ЦͳƳǺڰеĹƻһ㣬ʹ֪Σգȴ˲ɵҪȥȶԣȴӰ죬˿̵һ˼ϵϡ
ȷǷӰϾǸСֻںصϲŻķӦƽＸ͸Աɹ̫һʲôȥˣҪŷ䣬ֻϣ
ǾֻԼźˡ
ȴ˿ͻȻеŵľ޴Ҳ˿ɰʱϢȥǸСչ˴㣬ʹûзҲ̲סİɡ
ȻƻҲںܴȱݡһǰƵµĴڡƵ²ǸöԸĽɫʲôӦѼԤ֮УıңȥݲˣǾֻܿԼӳȥˡѶȣӦûɺܶɣԴˣмĵģֻʱˡ
ʣʱ䣬ڼѣħֻ¸ǲѷɣεļƻʧܣ
ľĵģǴϱҧ˵΢΢ʹۣǰƵһ˿欵ĺޣ˫ɫǶĲ
ȶ˶ҪƽϢüٵԼڵڡʱ򰡡
յҹ
ҾҲ
һض˵ϧŵĵȴΪĻĿŶȴ˸֮֡ԻǰгȡΪǰѾ˵ĴŸ
Ȼǵȥ˺ܶݣֻǸȺߴ½ĴţϾʥӵͷȻ߸ϣȴҲǴһҲܹ⡣
Ҳ֪Ϊ˵棬ܲ뵽һӵġʧٰУΪſܻеľ޶ģǼķաûнˣȻԴðաˣôųƺ˶Ҳݱй©ĿܣҪ֪ǵĸԢԶġա÷ǡ֣ڴ½Ͽ൱ġ
ΪʲôôΪ
ȻСжϣǺܸӵӦҪ˵Щʲô
Ϊϳ¶һĳ飬һ֮ڣﾹ˼㣡ζԶԶŵ˰
һϯߣʼԼôͻСỨԽ˼أǳ
Ѿ쳣ˣƳı飬ŶʱɫҪ֪ǵƲһ㣬ˣôҲҵİʾֻ˲ſöİʾ
ȵŵп˼ᶨǵĹâȻֻһ˲䣬Ҳ㹻ˡĪһֱС˶Է
ȷʵҪעĻҲõİ취˰ɡ
૵˿̵ﰵ˶ŵ϶ȻƽһɵģؼʱȴֻܾǴ˿̵ûпǵǣôôôױһЩƭǩԼΪеСأ
ֻ˵ٶԺżһΣĻһ׽͸ظкǿѽ
ţԾͰˣգ۾ޱȳϿҵسȿǵĹͣϳʲô£Ҳýɣ
вǳ в
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Ȼвʣȴƴǣ˵ҲĹ֮һ۶ԷǾʲô飬ֻҪʵôǾѲΡ
ǾͰ
ŵ˵ͷõѵô󷽵ʹ۰ͰͳСһ鵰⣬Ǹ߸ƺ뵽ʲôһ㡣
ȣҲǼĿأǼڴ°

3

ʱǽǮڴ˿̵Ľ൱ȥ̽Ϣȴе˼֡
ЩͣפĵطħסʱһѵѡͰǰ׷ȥʹֻҲԷ۾ɣϾϵħУܹΪħƾĲǳԽ˵ľʵıԼƲߣĶּΪ룬ˣҲǴ·һ
ҲýʥӰȻħͺħǷ壬Ʋ߾һôʧ޷ˡ
ȨֻܰˡΪӦԷҲΪаħʥڴ½ϵλ൱ߣħ壬ѡʥ˵ķչΪ
֮ǰһˮ
үάˡ
һ磬ӭ˷ÿͣ˿ûоȣΪҹϢԷ衣

Ļû˵꣬žͱһƿ߽һųϢףֱ޵Ľüŵı˵ЩĹʿʮǰĽӴԼԷ˿̵ĽԿ϶ʹʿҲʮǰͳԼʿػ
˵ôˣ
һֱʵȻ֪ԼľٶǨŭһ뵽ʹΣ֮Уô侲
ֻ˴һ䡰ʥĴ鷳ûо˵ʲô£ǲѣҪ̸ءһ·϶̲ס˼룬һʲôجġ
Ӧû¡
׼Ҳ˳嶯ľٶ˼죬֮Եƽ侲ķ˱黹õĶҩ
һͬ·ĵ飬ԼļľܿƵ˵أ
Ӧû£Ҳȷû°ֻڣֻô㡭
һ˺ü⣬ֱʶĳĬ̧ͷԷʱȴе侲ˡ
Բ̫ˡһۣɫѾƽֻԼƮ˵ǣ׷ʲô£
˵ϸоϢҵĽҲھħߡ
ţ
ɻظİ֣˭Ϊܸо˽ˣƾʲô
ʥĶӣգ÷Ǵӵ˫ܡŽ͵ȻҪǱ÷ڵľϢ£ĻĴȡ
ĵ٩ЩʪȡĵĬ֣ͻȻп֣ʹȻȻİ
ôħ˿Ӧھɭ𣿡
˵ĳҲֻƬ̣ļȵİΣߴ⼸һֱʥұѺõϵǵάͣʥĻظȴǣλھɭϰڲ뿪
ɭֺħɲǧȵôħģ
˭֪ŵ˵ȲܣϵҲ˰ɣ
εʼ磬˫һ̯ԼҲ
ᡭµģ
˵Ǻܿס˵֣е˳һ仰ŵ䣬ԭǸм۵˾˲ϾǮ̧ôߵΪʲô
ôˣ˾䡣
ûʲôɫЩڣջǾϢֻһëκ;ǼʶεģڵҪ֪Լ˴ԩǮָôء
ǻǺúüƻһ£Ÿаվȳ
֪˾ͷתĵϡ
Ҹ߹ˣҲˡ׼ܿİɡ
ڷɻر׼ָʲôʱűƿˣȴһŮͣжŵذڷŸʽ㣬һ˱ǵЩ÷ԸвáʲôʱˣȻ˼Եģ
㿴ž֪
ЦЦʾºʱſڡ˵ʻû˵ڣٴαײ˿εȴǵȴŵСӣ
ҵ緹𣡣
ϰһŤβͻеСһȻһһСͬҲԣ۾ÿ
ǻ˳𣿡
һ䣬ͿСһ۾⣬缲ιһ嵽ǰһѶĴ
ţҿôɣȻϱ˳Է̫òҲ˲ˣҲһܹȷħ𣿡
ʻǾĳƺ϶ģбһۣ΢΢Ҫ֪˹ҲüͷɣƱˣֻҪȳȾһܹģ˵ǰġҲܹԭء
ϲĸƺĸɡˬص˵ͷ۽鵽Сӣң۵ùһӽ߳ɵİտԿ϶ĵطᣬǳҲѾˣ˿ٽЩ˰ɣôͺܹˣϵ쳣֣Ӧþҵİʾˡ
ѵٳôȻֻ˵߳ɵİգȷŵıȴԶԶֹˣѾ϶ȵ䡣
ôħģǵŪһ⡣
뵽Ǹһ鷳Ĵǣ̲ס̾Ϣ⣬ȱ͵ħأҲ֪ôǸħģҲֻԼħ֪˰ɡ
⻰˵þͺû˵һ֪ٵõϢˣҲֻܰ˼Ӫȵķ
ôոЩ
շ˿ѯȻάڣȻ췽ŶİŻ˽һЩļƻҲܡ
˵ûʲôð취𣿡
һڣ⵽ۣ̫µ㱦Ҳѧظ˸ӳٰ
˵ʵܵħʵͲڵֵܵġȷʵһ̳ŵھܴﵽʵ޼ʹˣħҲֻа˵ķݡĿƵϣʵԼɣжҲ񡭡
£Ǵƣȳ˺ѡ
ĽҲڷ˵֮УϾҲ൱ߵʵ࣬ʹȣӦҲɷվ޴󣬸οûȵܷĬǸ⡣
ֻʱ䡣֮ǻħ壬ôǲܵˡ
˵һ䣬˷˴ӳ˼ǵĴ㣬ʱǲòա
ǾֻȡˡһҪܿħڴ֮ǰܾ
Ȼ˵üᶨ˶֪ⲢܾģҲֻܼˣϣǰɣ

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ͬһҲвٷաԿ϶ɵĻһܹͼҲ⣬ĵǣһŻǴڱ״̬ôŬͬ׷ѡ
ԼŬҪӳɹãȻƵûжһ䣬Ҫ˴쳣ٶضҲöԷʲôҪ֪ƽôմȾ㣬ʹǰһǧϡƷģ˿̵ΪҲ㹻Ƶ¼ǿĿˡ
ЩϢҲͷʹ
ȣҪİɿôԣ
ⲻ鷳ˣһɢŴζɿ͵ߣĴ죬Ȳſ죬ɰƵ½ɿôŰƵ¾Ի׿ι
ɿڼ˵ζζ٣ĵ׽п಻ԵɱⱲӶˣ˭Ҫأ԰ƵеǷȥ
ʱôϣԼߣٿԽЩȫ
ֻܹ㣬ҵѰƵ°
ǵʱһ˵жҲĿʼˡ
ǵס췽ṩģеճҲһֹ׾ͻ˼̴ӡȻû̫ԣҲû̫ӽˣ类ʶơ
˱ҲΪ룬ȴֹˡһò̫ۣʵҲԶԶˮ׼ħע⣬ϾǿߵĸӦǷǳģʵǿ˽ǵΧǵľ衣
ţҲΪעĿжĵ⣬ȥֻ¼һУû˱ˡ
Ĵ㣬⼸ܹ۲һһⷢãǿԻˮ㣬ʵҲ©ôһϷжԽԽиҲĻˣʵϵĲǱѡ
˽ļ˶ڽŵУűȻƽȴҲǵúܣֱӵı־ǣƽＸռ˴ĵĽȴвСУԼʳС㣬ŷǵûֻĬĬ˶Էۣݵ̾Ϣţ
һַǷܵļ£´ϢȷʵȵӰǵжڱС
ۿҹˣ˼û̫İҲֻӲͷƤˡ
ȥһЩңͳûҳɣ
̾ϢţԷ˵žҪһжţʹϵֳСӵжҲ̫³çˣŵʵôʱʱС⣬Ǹʱըһһжָʲô¡
ȴҲԼ뷨Ȼ֪ڵûֵýʵǻȥħħֻֿԣٶȴһֱƣ֮һĸӦȥôأĴûᰡ
˼䣬Ƿ˷Щûչüͷȴģһɱһʱ嶯°
ò˵ķǳǡ
˿ĿĵʱȴѾ˲ٵɧˡ
㰲ŵģ
õĻӦȴǶԷҡͷͬɻŵıһĻȫǵϡ
᲻ǵж˳
ҲѹȴЩ˷ܣ˫ɫ۾ҫ貵Ĺâƹâµʯͷһ
˵ҲпħӾ裬ɱ¾˷ܡ
˭뿴ģҲǲܵ¡ûʱȥŪЩ˵ͼҲֻܳô˻ӽԮж
̽˷ݵĹ죬ƫƧ·˳Ǳ˷ѰȵӰ
ӵ˱ڵķ䣬ȴҲħķ䣬ðȻ룬һɾ͡ԸЩɧѾħɣ
˱дţͻȻ䣬ͣ˲ӣǰתǡ
ôǰ⣡
ѯŶԷʵȲϷˣ˲δʲôס
ûȷ˻شŵһȴЩֹͣһ˷ֱܵǰ壬ʹӦѸٵķҲסֻؿ嵽תǴֱֱײͻȻֵӰ
ȡ
űŶԷĥţȵľϳ˵ͻȻЩζ
ȻôܽһǺҰ
мεţֻȴ͸¶żۡ
Ǵ취һ֮Ҳû뵽žȻôֱؾȴ˽Աȱôôçײļƻأ
߰ɣƵڶԸѵٲ߾ûʱˣ
ȴߴԷеˣսŵ֣²ӷɿ죬Ǽ뿪ⴱʱľ޴ѹȸжʱ˰ģˣ

潻2

װȣǴȥһҹΣҪȥޡ
ͳɤҹĻ𣬱ӵĻ˿ȴͻȻޱȼžÿ˵ĺˣһҲħ׼
ڿƵµһ˲䣬ûɵĿɨȵȫ£еζֻܹ
ôɫ˰ǰȾȻûֻŰѣ
Ȼ˼ĹϵѾȷϰȹȥԣŲ˼־ȡҪ֪Ѫ˼ޣһ۵ģ;Իõ֡ƵôѾȵҪɣûнһķչȻʵ̫Աˣ
Ÿ֣ŵתͬ飬еĳƺ˱ѵһҪúýѵһСĳ嶯ķ
ȣ
Ƿ˵˲ʶʱȺţҲĳ˵߶䵽ϣħߣʹ˶Ҳͷĺ⡣
Ǻһ̫ģȥ䣬αأ
ȴ˿̾ȻЦ飬ҲΪ˰ɣз
ûС㡯𣿡
Ƶ¼֣¹ҫ£ȾżֹʺǳΣյϢ˫ɫһ˲˲עˣҹغʱҧﲱĲһ㣬Ŀţһ˾ٲά衣
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ȴǰƵҪŭȣһػʿķˣֻȻħľ޴ѹȸУȴ޷˵ػȣϵŭҲǷǳԡ
ʲô˼ȡ
ƵۣͻȻֵЩмȻԷʵϲȴ벻ۡԷάȵģȴмִۣ൱ð
Ļ㣿ʾѾǸЦˡ
ǣŵһ£ͷСԴȻᣬз𰬷ƵȴǲҪ֪㡱ͰƵ֮Ӯ֮һǰƵǿС㡱ôֻҲһĻĶ˰ɡ
Ⱥħ֮һһͷζˡһЩԸԼ˵ʱֵȺħȻ϶ദʱ̬ȴ⣬Ⱥһʱ£ʹ֪ʱӦñͷ̲סѹҲΪȿ̫˰ɡ
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Ȼ֪ǵʵܴ󣬵ȴû뵽ô
ͻȻûԼ³çΪ̫ŰͲסּƻڵĽǰǰ˵ģǵ˻˵ģһʧܣǾû·ˡ
ҵľ𣿡
仰ڶģ͵̧ͷȴ㵵طְƵѾߣǰķѾһƻһߣʹ˵ֵƵϮֻҲ΢΢š
㡪
̺ˣҪסţΪƵϷǰڶº֣˾ѱȫˣ
ŵꣿȵٶ죬ȴ첻Ƶ£㿴Ҽʰ
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ƵЦָŵĲḧǶԴİһ㣬ǽȴһȾѩ׵Ĳ
ȰͲסľŵˣ̲סȥҲһð˰ɣȫûȥ˫ʵࡢûȨûý֣ͳȥ˾壬ֻͽһԱ
ҲȥڿŲϵѪʱǵȣԷһͷɫȥб飬һվԭأƺûгֵĴ㡣ǾԵĳȴ÷˸еѡȳȥ֪ԼŬ۵ҲܷʮǰͽԼһжȣ۸ʲôҪػŶԷ
㲻ں𣿡
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겻ˣĳ룬ôҲȤɡ
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һ̺ǿȻûͬԸȴһж

˵Ӱڽȥʱ̲סͺ𣬵֪ΪΣȣȴɵŶԷ֪ʵ޴󣬵ȴܹɹ
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Ҳ̲סؿЦΪҹʧܵӪȼƻʡԼĹʧһˣĵ
Ϊǲܱסǵˣ
Ƶеڴɫͫȵע¾ùƴҰһ١
ϰͱˣ
ȵĳ΢紵¹ƬƬӰ˿̵ǰҹеľ壬ĳŰƵѹľ޴ѹʱѪıԾˣ
ȵͷ߸߰ţҹеľһ㸩ĳĿưĮֻڿŵʱŻḡּů⣬ϰƵµʱȴɱ¾֮⡣
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ƵµͷŵĲǵޣȾһѪĴ΢΢аʮЦȴϵĺһ㡣
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ϵǣ˼Ĭķţֻغһ϶Ϯ򰬷ƵµĿڣȻǯţɱֵľȴҳ
ڳɲɹһж˺ӮҲѶԷĿƣοԴ˿̵ģɫʱȣһָɱ֣
ҲûйڴϮ򰬷ƵʱȵӰҲʧԭأٶðƵҲɰһסŵ֣ȴһι˿ȴǶһ˺ۡ
˿ƺƾУȴ˿ûսŻָɵţգ֮˳˼ʮףҹеǱУѪóľںҹɫ֮еѱӰ
ξȷŹɡ
һԭصİƵµƽȴƽ˲˫нɫĹâʢƵ˿Ѫӵһ·£˳һ·Ŀˡ
Ӳġ
϶ĳƮɢڿУɲǼ˵һƬռţֻпĵѪζͽղŰʾǰһĻʵݹ



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ȴںڰУΧĻȷ˰Ƶûи󣬱㽫˼ϡ
ԴȻ˫ֽȴûзκ죬ƽȻķӦȲⵣĪǰƵ»ڰʲôֽţѹ޿־˿׷ѣ

ǳĬţȴԸо΢΢ʱͣ˲ӣе˳ϵģȴһ˫ӯˮۣ
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Ƚŵز鿴ŵȫֻ˲ǵ˿ڣԤиǿңƵħѲ䡢ʴ֮ĺħͣΪɱֵôһҪ޳ӣ
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ȲųĬȥеļű˸˫ɫĹתŲԾسſڣ޾ıҵ˵
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˵⻰ͬʱŸ߸߾ַȵǰָϣһöָ¹ʾֻǡǽָϳѺۣ
ȶʱеľһЦСˣ޳ҵģΪĿռָȷ˵ΪЩ㣡
ôô죡սȵ֣һ˫۾дڴ˵һỵİɣһ޺õİɣҵıһôҵİɣôꡭ
״ε߶ţɼ´Ĵжô޴
ռ䷨Ȼǳ㣬ܹҲһ㣬رӹ̹ʱرʩħҪͺͨƷһöĿռָȻûеܹһѹĵزˣڸղϮħһȭʱҳΪ˽ΨһƷӶҲͬţ
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ȵдΣȻҲ֪¶ŶǶôпᣬѹеŭḧĦŵļοš
ɭѧԺҲҵóˣҲоȰɡ
ô˵ȻҲе˽ĵġȻöָƣ½ܹɽ㲻٣ʹʥҲרܹΪֱɭ˫ϣ
Ҫ֪ŵǰȥɭֻһ·ϸصԻŵۣǻߵö𣿶Ϊˡȳͷˣ˶ʡ͵ĵƣҪѿɲǼ׵°
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ÿΧľˣһʵѯ̲סЦ˰Ƶµĸ߶ȿƣټϤıǶô˾
ȻҡϳؿеڴɹȳңȻһ㻹дǣҾһݽ
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Ƕޱоţʹ˼ҲûǼ㣬һ뵽ǰͰͳȵģ˵񶨵Ļشˡ
¶ˣҡкܶѵһƷ㡭ҡҲˣֵúáԺ͵ɽɡ
ҲûʧھĻŭŵĽںǸ޴ľϲǽãָѷı˶ʱ׵Ժ󣬷ǸάޣЩѵһ㣬Ȳ˰
ھҪ𣿡
ϣ䰡ǺСһ㣬ͷɢţ˵еøΪɰ
ıܹ⣬ôҪٽж١
ŵԣʱ˷ܵҲűֻսȭͷƺ¶˾һ㡣
ʲôҪҶģɲʳ԰
Ȳشߴ˵ҪţЦˡ
Щǰһ˳ɡ
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ʹ뿪ҲܸڽˣƵ¼Ȼû׷ǾͲһʱúáϢһҹٶȥɭɡ
˼ǵŴ˸ŵľŶʱ˼ΣУ뵽Щȥˡ
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ԾȵıϣͷУϤζҲһֱһɣҲһζأ
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һ˴ϣչĽ˫ˮĴ۸ǹȵң̲סѹȥ
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ȽѹڴϣĴͬħİԵңǳ飬ཻ֯һãֱƴļʱȲŷŹЩҪϢС
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ءҪҪ
ȣȴȵĿһɨʱ͹Թƽξá
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Ųĵذʾϣǰ̽ϧξѻ˵Ҳ޼£ҪõˡߵĲ̫ˣħţƤǵķˡһŵǸ֪͵ȥ˵ǣɲϣԼıȵ֣
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ȴӿռָóһɿŵǰšȻǽָĶǰƵƲƵĽ

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ĪǡĪǡ
ԣ½һСԵƷŶ
ȵЦг˹ƭСаֻǺɿŵıǰתһȦ󱻷˴ߵĹϡ
кܶ࡭ܲܳԵҪֵܷˡ

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أһֵܹģ
ֻŵͷĬƬ̣ͻȻ޾һѹȵϣսһǣһƬ۶ͳȵǰˮ˵Ŀˮ
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Ǿϣ㡭˵ˡ
ѹϣָƵıż׵һ·»ָᴥ̲סЩ壬ȴûжܣɼ֮

ţĥȵţܼټϵƵġ
𣿺ܿͲˡ
ٴסţ仰ʱָѾŵʮƨƨϣǽʵ۵ָУ˼ϷŪ˼ָһʱеһӵɴ۾ĲԼա

ȥԼݲеƨƨ͵Ҫʱɿ֣ӵšĸٲȻһӺٸ
ȷʵ˰ɣ
ȻȴΪֹķʽˣĹĵţ̲סЦ
ĲưɣһͷײȵųֻȴһߣͷһѵΪıǣɽҲóѽ
˵ŵĵһΡһᵽֵζġ
ҪŵĶţʪȵĺ˶УһƬκҲǵͨ졣
һΣٱǣôǺǡ
ζЦˣŴ˸ȻΪȵвǸͻȻָεĽչҲ̫˰ɣȾȻֱˣûܹأ
¾ֽһӦΪ˹һʱӦֵܹõԷҲǵһʱȵĴҲˣһȵġͻɻί
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˵ӴſԹˮϧίģڴ˿̵ȴƶյѴ߻ǲƽûõٴתĵɫȻɡ
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ƮƮ׳һ⻰۾˲ˣΪᣬΪѽ
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Ȼǲĺ£ȵ˽⣬Ŀûﵽǰȿɲôľѽ
Ѳһƭ㣿
΢΢һЦ˫յøΪˣ˿̵ġʹŸжѡ
졢Ұɣ
ջѹǣҲЦݺ⣬ȽסȵŤŤôߴŶԷ
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˹شĿռָȡһָͣϴĻУƽձضü˿ȴѵ顣
͸㡮ԡ
ȱסŷ˸½ѹ£ֿ˫ȣͷŵ£һŵ°߸̧ţһš
ŵʱ˲٣룬ǲµȵͼˣνġԡ
ȻʵĲһ㣬˽֮һűΧȵָУԵȲʹָһһΪóŵԺСóȵָߵ˽յ飬Ĳؿһխͨǡ̲סʵе㣡
ءȡҪˡ
ŵһܾ㣬Ȼ˵ôԡһ˷ѣȿЩȴʵ˸ļֵƽô˵СڲˣǺǡôأҪ֪ŲҪԵʱɴûʵհѽ
ԡ󻬵Ļʧ޴Ŷ
ȰʾΪһ̵ʹֱԭΣôЩ㣬ɾҪˡһ׼Ѿ㹻ˣҿƵնҲǰȼԷ ķʽҲ˱仯ûнǰֻίǻڼﵽ ıԵˡ
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ҲΪ޴Ĵ̼ܵǿҿ У˽һȺﵽ˸ Ϊһ塭
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˶ȴķ룬¾һȻһöݣȴƺܰء



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һ˻ŸԵ˼̤ͬǰɭ·;֮ǾҪһµĻˣЩʲôֻײĸ飬Ϊڴ

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ѹ˻ضˣű˻СԷԶצһıϣܵĽӴЩ̫ӦôһҲͲԷ˯ˣ˱һŽ˯ȥ
ǵĶţͷ˿ɶ˯⡣ɫͨͷСڲǰ˴ԡ߳ȣȻǲһ䣬ԡȴͬһȥԡͿȴ˳ճԡձϵĳˮţǴƬļˮн˺һ侲ҲûȡеʹаҪôȥȣ
αأô̶ȾҪлˣԺô찡
һŴϵ̾ľɵһ壬ʹûҲǷľ˰ɣ˹Ϊһȴ鵽۵ĵزҲʵ̫ˣôһԷ߻ȵֺ̹׼ƻȫʵˣֻ¹˵ͻᱻ˺ݺָһɡϧЧķʽ
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ķ˵ļ¶΢΢ԼҲûע⵽һֻȵķˣǲᷢķˣעĻѽ



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ŵ͵̾˿ƭʲôٶȣֻǸγ̰ǵʦ˵ʲôϵ似ѧԺĻĿܡٶȣţ˭ӹ

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һŻķӦıҲѹˣҲ˵һ㣬ŵѵ̫ˣԼݲģǾֻܽˡʵǺҪġǰȻƽ˾˭֪ƵǸһʲôʱͻ֡
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أֻϣȸĶǼͨ㰡ǧЩ޽еƷ

Сƺ˼ؿţǷ˱ֻСβ;Ҫ˦ˣЩСһǰ˦β˵ľ·ѽ

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һ䲻κθķԸȿԷɫڸԷĶȴԿ϶Էڶ˵
Ǻǡô죬𡭡



СȵĲӣɵϰһɫ۾˿˲ֻڴˣ̾ͻҴֵıʡΪͷȥͷĻ꣡СôȥͶȵһԭҲȵͷֵܱǮ˰ɣ
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˵˾䣬ŵ½ȻͷϣǶС»ǺܹĵġǵŽ컹ҪϿΣûʩ巣ι˳ԶȻֻԷСֻ㣬ôŶԣҲ巣ΪпҲ˵ء

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˲䷢ɫȾ֪似ѵʱӲùĽȿٺòһԺúýѵѵţҲԴٽʵϾƽҲɢˣʱúսˡ

С˱ӣһӴϹСβ֧ڵϣֻôŲסԼֺС壬ֻŤţ䵽źȵȱߣһץסһСЦòá
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ջߣŵĶһ䣬ЦЦĿȴ֪ԲڿЦ
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ķӦҲɴš뿪ǰѵ·ʱŻԥŵʲôʱϢѾ֪ǵĹϵʹǶ˵۹⣬Ҳ˸ѱڱʱ򡭡ǲҪȵĺãϽ͵ĺһ㶼֪
Щ㣬ǿĿûпЩ˵㣬ΪֻҪһԼͻƲĳ嶯ο߸ŵ˻Ƿˣɲұ֤˻͵Ե飡
ƽʱ˷ܾɢʳ֮ζؿѵ̤˲һĿϣ֪൱ôûأֻĿתԴʱʱˡ
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Ͼ˲Ϊ壬ΪȻᣬҲֻ׽ѶԵġ
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СҲܻ˼С˸ԵĶЦ۽СԴȣĥһƬ˿Ŀ֡
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뵽ƽȶħԣƵ»ϿԿ϶Ȼ
ҪҪһϲأ
ȻƺԵضԼƵȴû˿ŸУ뵽ʱϿܻḡֵı飬ڴЦ

1


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һ뵽Żڱˣһֱĳ嶯ҲѾΪһУ

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ΣУʹв̶Ȳ󣬵Ҳɺӡһ˵Լվޣˮø죬ôһźǽӴĻͻ˰ɡ
뵽ϯ·Цߺ˼ھ΢ǣеĶռ͵˼㡣
ˣһ㣬˶ʶģ

2

ԡеˮƵУȸˮͷ³ˢ泩
Ϊ̫ƣֻǼݱ˱ѣСȻû˶ҲֻܲʲԸڱԼġղءѵܵеԡ
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ٳóȫڱ׷εĹһԵáۺĽǮ£뷨ɭľҲԽԽۿŻһܹˡ
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Ƶ¶ԵȻֻֿ˰²ʱ䣬ȵġȴ൱񰡡



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ĿĻˡɭѧԺάά䣬۹廹ƽ񶼶ӵƾʷ似ʢķɭΪΪάӣЩôϲ
տʼһ˶ǱŹ̬ȵġϾ˵ѧȻʲô춯صĴ£ǶάҪ˵ȴһᣬ˭©Ϣƫƫڷ˳ڷɭЩӵܲŷѧ֮ǰûյеκϢ׽˵ͼ
Ҳûг̫áۿŷ˾ͨѧһѧԺͼγһСŶӣ£ϵ˿ʼˣȻҲ͵Ȳʼ˿жʱΧ˸ʵʵ
ǲǰķˣº͵̬Щ˼Ľӽߣϧڵķȴһ˸µģû̫ĸЩȤĶϷ˼̬ôӵϵȺ֪ȴû
ԣ˵ͺࡣ
СΪϯĸߴ½ڴԹȻģʱǱ΢Цֻڲ䣬ȴֺݺݵشӶԷ׬һʡ˲ûʶԼ˿ٻŸмĽӽ˹ĲԴʣǼݴˡ
ţȻǿɰ޺˲˵Ŀ̽ѵϺ͵ʦʱǿ׼ô˶ͷֻǰ˿ĳɫʵͬʱȵĹ£Ե˵ʱڱߵıԵ˭ǣȻҲס㡣ЩͷͬͬʿԣݳظУĲ룬˲
Ҫ˵Ϊ̹ȻеģĪˡʥŵƭʹŮòҲŵ˲֮Уһ׷ߡ˭ֻĽĿ׷ڿҪھԼȱݣǾ;԰ɡ
һʱԡ˺桢˷ܡĿеС㣬ֵֺǺǵضűɵЦĿȴ˱ϵĽΡ㵰֮ϣǱȱ˻Ҫȥ˰ɡ
ʹϰĿ⣬Ҳһľ룬ǻЩ˻ƽ˲鷳
ͱ
ڴѾõϢաһȳȥɹʱȻҲǸȻԴûȤҲţǸ˴󲿶ӣֻǿȵĿ¶ζ˶ЩӦ
ڽϻûжã鷳
ɰҲ֣
һŻŮһ־ϲŷˣԶԶͿ˹ͣڷһЦݡǷ˵ʵ׷֮һΪάǧŽĵòĳʵλߡòӢͦķˣڱصá
ȣ
ΪŮͻȻʹǲòͣǰﲻˡڴһ̿ɲһˣʳǶζĥеģ˿˭ǰοǸİŮˣ
߰ɡȴûκβ΢ЦˣŮĳ⣬ȻˣǾͺúɰɡ
ǣŵ֣ûжͣ߿ˡʱû˻ʧ񣬼ʹŮҲͲǿ뿪ɡ
˵ġԼᡱСԵɻӣ˺ЩĿ˰˦Ȼò
ǡȣȥ򡭡ɣ
Ųû˵ҪʲôֺֻõԼ۾Ѿ͸¶ҪĶ
죬ҲΪ˰̾⼸ȫͱֹ㣬û˼еţǵǸԹ̲סһըҩҪը
ŵĿĿ⣬ȵЦ̣Ҳᷴԡ˵Ĭ̬ȸǴţֻ˵̣ȻǰĻֻЩϣгֵȴѾɺ˵㣡
޴ջ£ݺ˴ʳģǺ޲ðѵյĻõĻƲֻ
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Ȼǻȳƿ˵㣬ǱʴⰡӦǷɭѧξͺˡڴǵ´ι٣ֻһ졭ֻԶҲᵽˡ
ȵĿռָڣȻܶ࣬ȫ⡣˼ڽϣһҪȥߵýϴߴǼӿٶȡȻҲĴƮζѲ˸ϵЩ˵ζĥй䣬ֻ̲סȥ

СŴŴɤһѪشŵࡣҲΡΡػͷȣŶôϣȻ㡣
ʱҲˡ
ûţǶСһЦ֮ƺҪЩȥһԵˣæ
ϴɣԼڹˣȫ㲻ܳԡҲԿôġҪ֣ҲҪиհɣ
仰ԭżᶨȥŶҡˡ˵úе㵽ʱĲԣҲã˵ܴȥоо۲ӳɹ
ˣ
ŵһ͵ص㡣С˱ָ˿ȵɫԣԶһ϶óԵĶġ
أ
뵽˱סͬˡȻ֪Ϊʲô˷ȺŵĹϵ֮Ծͷ˷˵ı仯췭ظĸıǼ򵥵Ϊ̼ͻģסһ˴˵٣ҪǲǱ˼ٰˡ
ı仯Ҳòáڵķ˾թ࣬˵ѶȱúܸߣȴܳΪѡʣ˶ȵȤԶ׼ģ־ڵõţ˼ʹû̸Ҳӱ˴˵п˶ԷͼչжһҲһɡ
ղŲǼ𣿡
üδ̧ŻС㣬ڻش⣬˼ȴƮˡСһҲ˺ЩˣȻûʲôӰ죬Ǿȡ˰ɣ鷳ֻ಻٣顣֣СȴԽСǸַչ
ǵЩС߲ڻﵹ˲١Ҳúһúˣ챧ųͷǼ¡
Ȼչ֫ȴŲúζС㣬ͻȻ˸ƺʲôõҪչˡ
ȡ
֮İӿʱһͳỽŷ紫Ϥȶʱһ
ô



ʹֻһ֮Եʶ˵ı˲뵽˵ݡţƽǳٶۣɱֵôܻԼо޴вĶأ
Ϊ˾ȳʱͰƵµĽ־μסвòڶʱôأ
ô죿
ȵȴľȴ˼ı顣
ˣѵħΪɥȮˣ
ȱ̵зĲ⣬ΪһȣŨܵ۽޿¶һ̶ʹƵεúܺãѪѪڼһ̾ŵ˿˿ѪȣԿ϶Ƶˣһ˵òᡣ
̹Ȼǳζķȴ˰亹λߵݵ裬ôһʹԭȲ󶯸ɸҲҪɡ
ȻԤеŭûг֡
Ƶ߽ǡħѹŲеѹһζԣȴǲܹܵĵز
һ㣬Ҳ˰Ƶ˲ٵʵɱֶĿʵжҪ׼ϵľԼⷽ棬öࡣ˰Ƶµʵ֮ŶٷģȻ˵ô񣬿϶˰գò̫ǡ
㻹鰡
ƵߵߣɨС㣬ЦַȳĽ𷢣񵭵ģ˼ϸһ㣬ֻеıȴ˷ɲ
Ƕôˣôת۾Ͳأ
Ƶ½ȵͷǰ٬ţ¶ζһԵŵ
ע⵽˼ĹϵͬѰһħвôĵǼ¡ȻЩԲѷˣô˵ǣסȣŵ׷˲ɡ
⼸ƽĻš㰬Ƶö֮ҪռȣȴûκӰ졣Ϊȵ׶԰Ƶ±ʲôĿӰ֮ĹϵʹƵĵΣҲǸ˵Ķ˺ͰѪֵпġ

СŤҪƿȵİƵ£ΪƵµƣζλмļС㼷ô
ȿͨСһۣתְŵĻ
࡭
һԴеĿⶼŵĻСǺˣŶȣԶб¶š
ȳԶȥɣ
ŽţƵµ᲻͵ĻᡣҲֻƵ¶©ء
Ⱦͺá˵ע£Ƶȵһǣһ
̬Ȱ˾Ҫ㣬Ҽʹ˵һнȾڳû˻仰ĿɿԡȾôҲͲܳ˰ɡ
ᣬַ˺󣬶߽§İƵ£ȵЩơ
ԭԤƵԼͽһֻݡ˦˷ȴ˸ֵģɽǲǲ˳šͬʱҲ𰬷ƵҵֶΡߵﶼڰƵµ֮£ǻǴ鷳
һٷԵȻζȻСų⡣Сǳٶ۵ضڷڵպ˵ԶˡţΪ͵˼ڵⱻȷֺȾȻûȻƳۣȴƽ㹻Ÿмˡ
ȻڽڼǲҹȻ㣬ʹôڵο壬Ҳöղ֪ζжΨһе㲻ԵİƵ£ǻעĿ⣬ҲѰ֪ĿȣҪΪԼˡ
Ҳȷʵ˰ɣеݡֵֻûзϣ£ҪĻǻȥչ֡ôһ͵ĿȼȻûֹ㣬ȻҲֹԼͶɹɣ
ϲ̵زšⲻ֪϶ʲôڵĳƷΪĥľŻʹˣҪκη涼ͬҲǲܵѽ
ŵĴߴԼ˵ĳԷ£ǺܿͻѧУ
߽У֮бŰƵ£ſҪʲôݽȥǲħɭЩ仹ʵİƵ£ڴѧʱҪ£ݿǸⰡ
ƵҲûжͣǻصᣬΪ᲻ʱȴվſûиת뿪ˣһ·ĸ浹·һ㡣ķӦҲʶһ㡣ȥġƽֻǵͷƵ¼Ȼ׷ȵ;
ѧУżס
Ҳû̫⡣ϾƵҲϲߣڵʵȥǿ޷ӦԣЩ鷳ӦҲ̫в
ȣҵĶأ
ӣûЪһžͼҪ˽ɹĳɹȲҪˡ
ȸ߽˳ȸСȫĳէһƺȫȶԴ˲ûʲôȤӿռָȡһֶϡ
СЩɡ
ͬ˷ܵС㣬Ǹȥڣ߳һ̣̲סһ䡣
Ҫ¥ҲĶ̣û˼ֻȶѵ³ŵĹģû뵽ǣ仰ȴǸţҪ
С֣Ҫĸ
ǰһʳģſʼɵѵؿͣҪǸóԣ̲סҪԵЩԭˡ
Եǣ廨ŵǰ֪ȳĸˡĿ䵽Сʱ⡣ͽѡȨСɡ

СɻͷСǸֻǵһγ֣ȷǲڽ
Ҫĸ
ŲŲСɻأСĳƺѾ˴㡣ССְͷ㶼ǸѡڽԵǡ˿̣ͼݽСǰ滨̵ĸɫʱСĿ⡣
СԥָһȥӲӵϡ
ţҿâ֣ȥͦ׵ġãˣ
ſ˿ͼƬ˵㣬̾;˵һҪԵ㣬ֻûע⵽ǣҳĽעţѶȵȼǰѧ߳һǡѾ൱սˣǡǣǿǶһʦĸѶ㡣
ȫԽʵսעŵĴŮضʧܸգ벻ĺ
ˣ˾ķ˺ò׿Ҫصᣬȴ̡֮¸Ͻ˴һۿȴһƽڵϣ汻Ѭúںһϣǳţ
ȥȫһẓ֣́ҪôʱͻȻ˺ˮһӿ˵ˮýҲûˣһһСֻ̿˳ˮ˳ƺŸںĲ֪塣
ǳɹ
¥תǴȵƽˮбСȴʱ˾
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ȡҡ
Ÿͣͱһ˻ȥȻͬʱˮֵ֮İֳЩԼǵ͹ŵƻǿ϶ˣҲһ٣ɳμ󲿷ֶûˮ˵ºˣڿžѾͷˣ
ˮô£
۸ջķˣԷˮϵʦӦòŪġţô

ȵĿƵԼ뵽żرС㣬ָԺ㲻״С㣬Ƶϡ

С˻ںһŶ۵Сѱ˺ֻ̿Ȼ֪Լ˺ڹȵӰŵĻȥ
˵ľһʲôСɵģ
ŵı⣬ȵɫǲÿɷֻȴԵرʾɡֻˮ֣ôŻСģϾˮϵħ㻹СҲѾСһǰõ˳ֵ֡ǣ׿ɲЩˮģԪ˭۾Ķ֪
ҲԪ֮һ
ŵ׻ˣһǲСˮʪذǵϵСһۣĵͶͱùǺСǸʹСȴͶȣؼʱҲվŷֵЩΣǰˣ
ȷʵ
ȾȻɿˣѵõƽȴɰĲã֪Ҫ˵ص㻹ںͷвŸոտʼ
ȻǹͬΣǾһеɡ
ȿ۽ȲС㣬˼Сݺ𾢣Ҳ̲ס΢ЦȻͻȻҲʱˡСôãҲÿʼһѵ˰ɡ
ҺűĿɿڴعཱུʲô
˵һе󻹲Ƕ䵽ͷˣһ۾ͿⲻƽĵطϽάԼȨ
ͷݣһǸġ
һ仰ͶסеķˣνĹβǸڣʵϻΪ˳ͷʣҲòűʲôģǿ϶ҪԿͷˡ
˵ҪģӦʰо
¥ݡôĶȻҲֻһĻ̫ͻȻӦѾˣֹҲûлᣬǾֻƺˡ
һֱôȥųû˻ɣ
⻰Ƿ˵ģվڻδûİɳϣ΢ЦֻЦȴ˼ΣҲ³ľƻһѰ
ǾͿʼɡ
һ·ֹ㿪ʼˡڳСΨһܹٿˮϵħȻǴͷ󣬽ӵˮ󣬾ϳˡ÷ϵħɳҾߴ´ɣ֮ϵذ塢ֳֺһæת
ȵţʱȴͬΪ֮һСȻ帣ʱһ
ȣ
һߵ˽ȻҪڱһ·޷֮飬еĶ졣ģ˺üĵⰡղŵʱ׵ԺȵʱøߴС߼Լ˽ȥȵιʳõܶжѡ
ֻǿһԵͷȴôˡ˵֪˵Ĺϵ뿴һĻﲻζʮǰѾţȴΪԼĳٶ۶ʧҪ̸ףȵˮ©ĸֶΣ֮ĸһԽĿˡֻϣ˺ħļܴһϣɡ
ˣȻΪԼڰȣΪʮһ˸ȵİĽҲӰˣΪԼΪһռʵǣȱĸ顣
û̧ͷô᲻֪˵˼أ˲ųԵմǵͣû־ͱźһڵͶ˷ѣ
ŶͷϸܵĺˮԼʪ壬ŴСľԡȥ˵ǲðģСĺá
µ˽һͷ֣ϾϸļƻŻиõĻرңֵİƵҲһҪΪ˸ԵĿ꣬ǻǺú̸̸Ϊ
Ϣ죬ʱŻڱﲻ𴲡Ҳѹ֣òи˯Ļô˷أοڵҲᣬȼһܺ󣬺֢ǷǳԵġĻ¶۵ҺҲЩɳơ
˹Ȼò࣡ôҪѹģȻ֮ûƣֵزǸԹ
ȥˣ
Ȼ¿ԲµҪȥĵطŻһıĴ͸ЩƣŴߴ·ȣһ⡣
ţԵķϣԼԡ
ȽţֻǶǷЩмֻɡСе㣬̲סˡҲôҲΪһҹ峿Ҫܼܰϵڡ
úϢ
ȱ˯һСϵС㣬˱һһС̰ͬ˯ֻܵ˱˴˵º㱧һţǷĸо̲סŵĴһǣȻҲû©СĶͷ
ԭǴһ˾飬ֻǵǰȴƺ⡣
ˡ
ֻ˵⼸֣Ѿ㹻˼ˡ
Ҳȥͼݰֻȥ˻ѡаǰܵĶҲ̬ȡ
ͬһͬ΢ЦǲһĻȲһȴȲȥº͵ķڵȥǸ˳۶˰ȻҲӦˡ
Ҫȥɡ
úͷ˼ƽϣ߹ǰͼݡķȴһ˼
ĽԼͻȻðУѾ˲õԤС˵Կ϶Ҫţţûôǿҵĵ⣬һΪһ˸ŵĺøչˣҲΪ֪Ų谭ȵ׷˼ʹҪռȣҲҪλˣ߰мЭͷ
ħȴԲò˶ϰ˸߸ϣһҲǿƵ̬ȥƿأͬһʱôܺƽضҪһʤˣ׶ȱĸ飬ĶֶȻ
йһεĽ֪˼ʵĲ࣬ڣ˵֮ΣҲã˺ħǿ˭ȵõȣǾ͸ƾ°ɡ
ҫڱصķˣڿǰԶӰʱ˼֡첽ǰӰһƬ



ļתۼţ峿ʱŶôԸڱУյĽɲѡ
СβϵĹԽԽˣǰΪƲסŵĵͨ췢ףβĴĺκܿͻʧ֤ٶȣȫѹѵʱ١
شӱ̽һֱۣſϵСһӣ̰űѵʡȻ̰Ҳûг̫ã˼Ͼڹ۲ڣֲȿǻӳʱ޵ġ
һ뵽Ҫȥʦرգž;û۵һҲΪλȡøóɼȷŻˣҪǱĽ⣬ὫռָЩ㶼ôĵñС㣬Ҳ鿼
˴ջǰ࣬Ҳ֮ھĳҾǲҲ̶õֳֺԼܼ˵Ĳ֪Ʒѩϼ˪ľԽʱ󷢴ȱȼֱǾһ㰡
ȼ˷ܶţȵЦ⸡˴ߡŹȻȤֳֶϣţ԰ÿοŴʧٶĳͷڵۻתȴĿ⣬ȾԽظеŶҪ
һݸ鲻ͬڹκθоҪλԶŵģҲǱͬİɡ
ˣ
ų˳𣬺峿ĳһϣ΢ЦĿŵ뿪ƴҡСֵС㣬غšټ
ҲȥϿˡȻ˶ϵħȸעصĻǰϵڷɭѧֵյĿ˷кܶѡ񣬲ڿáڸϵһοκ󣬾Ժ԰ϵΪˮϵˣϵˡѧԺİħٺҲȲ԰ħʢʥҵľӢ
ܿȿʼԼǷ֪
ƿϵҵţǰ΢ЦİƵʱʱơô
ƺ˽ɻ󣬰Ƶ߽ȵߣձ˼䡣ʱȸеµĶ裬ҪǱоİңɼˡ
Ƶֻ仰һȻİϵʦ׵ȷʵħĻѪԺ㹻ʱȡ
Ȼûʲôϵȴ˼Ƶ´ݽİɡɭڸʦںܶ෽涼˼ֻ֧֣ҪѧУΣʦҪ󼸺ᱻ㡣䰬Ƶµݶڴ˵ˣ׵ϵĵҲûʲô˻ȥˡ
Ȳźۼرܿ˰ƵλϵѧȻĮǸղŵľֹ̫ǣƵµĴڸ̫ǿңҲ˲Ŀ⡣Ⱦ㲻ں˵ĿҲ뵱ڱһ
ƽʱλϡѧٶĮһصǣǻ϶Լ̶λ˿õıռݡ£ϾһźӰƵºԱߣһ˫ɫ۾ھ⣬ͶϵĿȵԺӡ
ȴûпһа㣬СĿƽˮС㣬ȻҲܵ˰ƵµĿϴ񣬵ǻȵȴСͷ­Լ˸ע˰˷ţ󲻾ķ緶ء
У۵ʦ˽￴һۣĳƺûʲôȣ̨µգƽһʼ˽Ρ
էȥ˿жһ֮⣬ƺûκα仯仯֮еȺСɾͲôΪˡСصŶԼСӺֻ֣֮ſأֻǸʲôģ
еԼرַ˵Сʹ˳ľͷֱֻֻ֣СǵͨҲûЧۿɫˮʼҪһˮ˵С
γ˰Ƶ²ֵ֫Ƶ֣Ŀɨ˰ƵһΪ棬ȻľڰƵ¶Բûʲôã뵽һļƻ˿ССҲܹܵġ
Ƶں˵ʧܿͳ֣޹ضЦЦɫǰҪջɲǼ׵ѽ
һǰȥʵҵѾȷĴ㣬ͷȺŵϽ̸ΣȻھķ˴򽻵ռʲôˣһ£Ҳ˲Э飬ĽҲˡ
˿ȥһʦΪľöָǿ֮ȻָиʦȣȿͬסһУǶԵʦ˵ת˭İɣ
һѵĻᣬԺúõغŽһ°Ҳǻ̸̸ʣµǸȥûãڣȻȷԼĸ飬ǾҪΪԼȡˡỹǵÿԼ찡
ʲôҪȥдЩѧУˣ
Ѿصŵǰŵıɫ촽ԶһϯµĵʦɶԷǲҲǺڵˣرչˡѵ۵ùǺȻҪô£ʱСǳ˵ʲô£ȾԲ׷Źİ
Ҳɣ
Դҡø˹ƵļֻҲѹȵɣķ˿
Ѿȥˡ
һ仰ͷССϣʱ֮ҵĹơأȻѾעҪͣھͺú÷йһ°ɣ
ֻĹƷǵûĵʦеѹǱΪȤûʶǣ˿̵ķйʹýﵼʦҪЩע⵽㣬ôͼһʱ֮İɡ
ĳ嶯ǣصʱƣ̶ȸաƿţɳǸӦóеʱ֪鷳Ÿոտʼ

СŵĻȻû˫ȣβͻеٶҲ˲Сӡ
أ
˳ֱС㣬⻰ȴǶ԰Ƶ˵ġ
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Ƶµ̬ȵǲǰԼеĶŵӡͣϴνʱǸ쳣侲ϡûа־ţɲͨġߵˣмأֻţȴ谭
һˣ
źη߽˰Ƶ£һƨɳϣǰݽȥʱеһɡ򵥵һ仰ȴʾŰƵ£ﲢܻӭȻ˶ͿˣҲ˰ɣ
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ҲѾȼħĽĿǰʵȫħԴﵽ˽ףѪ֮ôľħԷɿٶȽţʹǰƵδǰĶ֣һУǶ̳
һȵıͬðƵ¸е˳ԾȵĽ̫ΣУͷչȥôһȵʵ磬ʱҪõϣãʱǿȲȣʱƾòˣ
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ʱҲ˿ûкΪȵħʦǿϵĽǿȡǵĶҲħеĹ׼ȡֻзڣ˿ȡ
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ħɵ˲䣬ץס˻Ὣٻʦ̨Ҳʾһӿ˵Ĵ󵶣ڶԷһ˿ڡ
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ħûã˶ֵҲȥȣԶ˷˵Ķ֣սʿʹӮ˶ԷǣǾԲġ
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ƸˬشĿ⼯ڳϽսʿϣƿ̲סҪˣıǶԾԾ˰ɡ



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Ҳ˳Ʒ˸̾Ĵʵ˶Щĸо˭һʵƾе£ͳ㡣ϳһˣΪ˷ҲΪԷĬ֡
ҪһɢɳϽжȵĶ֣ʤĿԲߣʹҲûŵ˵ԼһӮ
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Ĭ䰬ƵһбȵĿƺڳЦܣڱܾ£Ĳɲô׾ġ٣ڳԵ֮ǰûʲô˵ݲ

ۿԽСתŴ۾˵ȵĻƺҪһװſɰɤһ̵̣ĿҲƺɢһ㣬СҡͷԵģ˲Ц⣬С㱧Ҳ˹ߣ龰ȵ齥ƽʤҲôҪˡ
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ȵ뿪ˣȴûôõ顣˽ȵĻͷͿʼðݣ޲ˣƵºͷҲûдǵȥһںڵӶô۰ǲԼôܹأ
ع˵İƵȿʼ˲ɢҸСͥľٶֻסȵţԼȥҲʾһ˫ֱۿȵϣͰƵжϵľ˻ͬʱһԵʹɫ֮Բ˵ȻҪϿ챧
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СĿȤһĻΪһϷϽҲ˽Ŀ꣬ȻĽȻС΢˫С첲ȵĴȣǿ˹Сצ㹦ţңͷɫģûȵôֵǮ
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ѹǶһִ̼ԽȴԽظָܵĶԽԽǿҵĿУ̲ס˴Ϣ

ȵǶ˿УҵӶſеĿʶЩ룬õ˳ϯȫɬź֧ܿŲסﵽ˶㡣
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С΢΢һΣžͿһƬǣòߣһ
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죬ѾβҲǡʱڡѾǰˣ֧ʤһ֮ǰжֽǿ⼸֧飬֮ıҲͬˣ
ҲְҵĵһʹŵѧԺԵǿ˿ûӰ쵽еĵλϾһѧУ½ľսʿ˵һǴģʹŶˣҲֻ˵ûзʦһŶӵʵޣǱȴû̫Ĺϵ
µѧԺֱʥɡ˹ŵάԼɭĽЩȵ֮УϾ൱Уı͸ڴˡ
ĶԳǩġֵСôϰעĿĻṰأĵĥ˹£մŶӡȥǩģǵġС
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Űţ۲ǵóĽǣвԵĻŵǵŶӣѧУȻҲѲٻʤİջǱȽϴģֻŵ˭˵׼
ƫƫС鵽Ķ־ŵǣ
ҪҲṷֱ̂Ļ
뵽ʧܵĺŶʱ˸飬սȭͷҧأΪ㣬ƴˣԲ䣡
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˵֪żжǵĹͲôš44˵Ǹżȴþ潥ŵǡ
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ÿ˶ɴۣ´⾫ʵһĻ



з磬һȲûʹʽٴʹ˿֮ᰣȻǰǳеÿܻŵ䱸ֻҪʵظʹҲ̫Ӱ죬Ǻޱؽħ߽ףĲħٴﵽ߽ϵˮƽ
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Ҳˣȶŵȸܶ͡Էʲôݣ൱Ķ˾ģ׷ʵ˶ԣǿΪʵ˵һУȶĲм˼֡
̨µĹҲΪһı˷ܲѡʹ߽ħħʦ֮࣬ĶԾǺˣ˵ѧˣʦټĳء
ڳĵʦӹһˮϵħϵײضҵĽΪڳ˵İȫǲòܵĺǵøΪء
Ҳ׷׼˹ƣϾħɲۣԿ֮ıըԲΪǶѾ飬ȫҪġ
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źͷҲ˵رܵҲЩʣڵȺŵƺѾħӮ˼˭ʤһŶӾͻʤɡ
ƺҲŵǵľû壬ʱԭȺ˾Ӷߣ͹һȴҵһ
߽ħòǿƻڳ˼ԸܵԪصǿҲɹȺŵߵķΧҲ˾޴ı仯籩ĵȻƣˮϵħȴ˸߰У̨¹۲ļʦҲȶħĿƸе־ȣԪô׾ܻϵģһһҲͻᵼһħʧܣһһ߽ħҪںԪش֮ᰣҪĲǼѵԪؿе
ȶúܺãƽʱӲɽ¶ˮ˿̶ʱѧǿĴΪòԽ˲ңûȥ
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ŵĶѷ˽ͷҲ΢˽䱸ˣĿȻڶԷϣǻȲ
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Ƿÿ˵ĴɣƵҧǵȵһӦŵȴôãҪ֪ҪԼ²Ҫȴ֮Աǣɲ
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ڿ˿ڣĿȴֱŰƵ£սҲ˳˰Ƶµ⣬˹ؿһۡƺ˯еȣ˵ͷ
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̶̵һ糿򵥵һԣȴı顭һ̹˶˱仯




ſڴϿŵĵС˿ŵһ˷ܵ˳ŴҲ˵˭ֱˣϻؽлţһСްģ
ϧĹȴûеõ

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ŵĶ˵еŭԶ׼Ų˸£ϽСһװԡ
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ŵָʣƬʱȴƵǰšסϸ۵Сͻ

ŵָһƵĶת۾ܷͣܲѹȣôһšȨ̴תȡ
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ȵָŵʱŲסĸ첲һûбЩɬԡУˮΪȻЩ㣬ȵļȴҲֲһУ󻬹˿ûŸеʹЩĲʣҲġ
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ŤҪӱȿٶҵĳ̣ŤȴȽøҲÿбøǿҡ
ԼҪŶ
ŵĶᣬȻҲº࣬ǹ˼ŵƵģҲͻ׷ŹţòڻˣԽҲǳ



ûб˵Ĵţòĥ˴죬ԡҹϣһֱս˰˯ȥȻҵ˵ȻǵñӵС㣬С㹻ӣϰʱʱ乬о˲ûп֣һ˶ǺɵЦԱ湻ҲԹ˯ȥ
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ƵŲ˽ŲǳصĲԵޱȻڴߣȵ˯ա֪һѾĵҲǲͣǲìܣȲûۣƵҲûгֻĬĬһԿˡ
췢¸ܴĴħ˵壬ڸԶԶûжǰӣȻҲ⡣ˣҪ˵ǱŵıжǼǲܵ£ֻǸеЩ𺳡һ˾ȻΪһ˿ô࣬Ϊħ޷ģҲȥ⣬⽫Ϊ㡣
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һĿǣ˾ȣڷˣҲܡѾǼޣٽܷˣĽ̫սΪԼǸĬ˵Ĵڣǣǰʲô̫ΪԲΡΨһǲԷɱ֣ҲΣŵİΣҪĻʹȵϣҲò
Ƶ¸ȵļ򣬲ߡǼϵĵܰ㣬ϰԵ¶һ˿εĳ硣ӱϷ̬ڵЭﰡ
ʵȵļͷҧһӡƵµֱ۽ȵ೤Ҳ̵ۣй⻪תջΪһƬɢ

ۣȵطԵȾȻûʱ˷ˣøĻѵãֻ˷ڿİƵʱʱήˡ
أаţƵµʲôʱֵģ͹ȣ߾ȫ˾˯ȥҹ˴֪̫ˣ
ҡŸϽ˱ӣڿǹģȻˣûдǰս̼ƵµĴ㣬õѡ񡭡Ǽ˯ɣ
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һ˸ȻԵȵĸȴҲģΪˣŻھһĻóĿȨȨľҲһԵĬ˰ɡ
ҼʮǰԼԶػ㡭
˵йâҫţԼ͡ٴԼҲǰ·谭ҲעòеİԸ⽫ԼеİȣԶػеġʹ
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ҲδкܶҪԣ٣ǹǰδҸء
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Ϊ1㷽ʽǩԼݿܻгͻ1㷬òƲеӣ
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